CD28 Antibody (PV-1) - Azide and BSA Free
Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # NBP1-27932
![Flow Cytometry: CD28 Antibody (PV-1) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP1-27932]](https://resources.bio-techne.com/images/products/CD28-Antibody-PV-1-Flow-Cytometry-NBP1-27932-img0005.jpg "Flow Cytometry: CD28 Antibody (PV-1) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP1-27932]")
Key Product Details
Species Reactivity
Mouse
Applications
Flow Cytometry
Label
Unconjugated
Antibody Source
Monoclonal Armenian Hamster IgG2 Clone # PV-1
Format
Azide and BSA Free
Concentration
0.5 mg/ml
Product Specifications
Immunogen
C57BL/6N mouse T cell lymphoma EL4 cell line
Specificity
Mouse CD28
Clonality
Monoclonal
Host
Armenian Hamster
Isotype
IgG2
Scientific Data Images for CD28 Antibody (PV-1) - Azide and BSA Free
Flow Cytometry: CD28 Antibody (PV-1) - Azide and BSA Free [NBP1-27932]
Flow Cytometry: CD28 Antibody (PV-1) [NBP1-27932] - Analysis using the PE conjugate of NBP1-27932. Staining of BALB/cAnN mouse b lymphocyte cell line A20 and C57BL/6N lymphocyte cell line EL-4.Applications for CD28 Antibody (PV-1) - Azide and BSA Free
Application
Recommended Usage
Flow Cytometry
1:10 - 1:1000
Formulation, Preparation, and Storage
Purification
Protein A or G purified
Formulation
0.1M BBS (pH 8.2)
Format
Azide and BSA Free
Preservative
No Preservative
Concentration
0.5 mg/ml
Shipping
The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Store at 4C. Do not freeze.
Background: CD28
CD28 is the prototypical and best-characterized costimulatory molecule on T cells (4). Its signals are critical for optimal naive T cell activation, cytokine production, proliferation, and survival (4). In order to sustain T cell activation, CD28 will consolidate immunological synapse formation, increase cell cycle progression through upregulated D-cyclin expression, and aid in T cell survival by in inducing the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-XL (5). CD28 is constitutively expressed on naive and central memory CD4+ and CD8+ cells (5). CD28 deficiency has a large impact on T cell responses including activation, proliferation, immunoglobulin (Ig) class-switching, and germinal center (GC) formation (6). CD28 is a critical regulator of autoimmune diseases and tolerance to solid organ transplants in human patients (6). The CD28 pathway plays a central role in immune responses against pathogens, autoimmune diseases, and graft rejection (7). CD28 engagement via antibodies augments the proliferation of T cells in response to immobilized anti-CD3 antibodies (8). Additionally, antibody engagement of CD28 can supply costimulation to T cells encountering APCs deficient in costimulatory ligands, such as CD80 and CD86, and prevents the resultant anergic state that otherwise occurs in the absence of costimulatory signaling (8).
References
1. Esensten, J. H., Helou, Y. A., Chopra, G., Weiss, A., & Bluestone, J. A. (2016). CD28 Costimulation: From Mechanism to Therapy. Immunity, 44(5), 973-988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2016.04.020
2. Carreno, B. M., & Collins, M. (2002). The B7 family of ligands and its receptors: new pathways for costimulation and inhibition of immune responses. Annual review of immunology, 20, 29-53. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.091101.091806
3. Ward S. G. (1996). CD28: a signaling perspective. The Biochemical journal, 318 (Pt 2), 361-377. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3180361
4. Zhang, R., Huynh, A., Whitcher, G., Chang, J., Maltzman, J. S., & Turka, L. A. (2013). An obligate cell-intrinsic function for CD28 in Tregs. The Journal of clinical investigation, 123(2), 580-593. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI65013
5. Evans, E. J., Esnouf, R. M., Manso-Sancho, R., Gilbert, R. J., James, J. R., Yu, C., Fennelly, J. A., Vowles, C., Hanke, T., Walse, B., Hunig, T., Sorensen, P., Stuart, D. I., & Davis, S. J. (2005). Crystal structure of a soluble CD28-Fab complex. Nature immunology, 6(3), 271-279. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1170
6. Bour-Jordan, H., & Blueston, J. A. (2002). CD28 function: a balance of costimulatory and regulatory signals. Journal of clinical immunology, 22(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1014256417651
7. Krummel, M. F., & Allison, J. P. (1995). CD28 and CTLA-4 have opposing effects on the response of T cells to stimulation. The Journal of experimental medicine, 182(2), 459-465. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.182.2.459
8. Luhder, F., Huang, Y., Dennehy, K. M., Guntermann, C., Muller, I., Winkler, E., Kerkau, T., Ikemizu, S., Davis, S. J., Hanke, T., & Hunig, T. (2003). Topological requirements and signaling properties of T cell-activating, anti-CD28 antibody superagonists. The Journal of experimental medicine, 197(8), 955-966. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20021024
Alternate Names
CD28
Gene Symbol
CD28
Additional CD28 Products
Product Documents for CD28 Antibody (PV-1) - Azide and BSA Free
Product Specific Notices for CD28 Antibody (PV-1) - Azide and BSA Free
This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.
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