Furin Antibody

Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # NB100-1903

Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne
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NB100-1903
NB100-1903-0.025ml
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Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Validated:

Human, Mouse, Rat, Porcine, Canine, Hamster, Primate

Cited:

Human, Primate

Applications

Validated:

Block/Neutralize, Flow Cytometry, Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot

Cited:

Western Blot

Label

Unconjugated

Antibody Source

Polyclonal Rabbit IgG

Concentration

2 mg/ml

View all Furin Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

Synthetic peptide corresponding to residues R(780) G E R T A F I K D Q S A L(793) of human Furin.

Epitope

Amino acids 781-794.

Reactivity Notes

Hamster reactivity reported in scientific literature (PMID: 16030016). Porcine reactivity reported in scientific literature (PMID: 14581457). Rat reactivity reported in scientific literature (PMID: 11696560). Primate reactivity reported in scientific literature (PMID: 11799113).

Specificity

Detects Furin convertase from canine and mouse cells as well as transfected human Furin. This does not detect endogenous Furin from BSC-40, HeLa, J774A.1 BPAEC, or CHO cells nor from rat skeletal muscle, spleen, kidney, ovary, testes, heart, or brain tissues.

Marker

TGN Marker

Clonality

Polyclonal

Host

Rabbit

Isotype

IgG

Scientific Data Images for Furin Antibody

Western Blot: Furin Antibody [NB100-1903]

Western Blot: Furin Antibody [NB100-1903]

Western Blot: Furin Antibody [NB100-1903] - Analysis was performed on membrane enriched extracts (30 ug lysate) of HeLa (Lane 1), HEK 293 (Lane 2), K-562 (Lane 3), SH-SY5Y (Lane 4) and 10uL conditioned media from HeLa cell line (Lane 5).
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Furin Antibody [NB100-1903]

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Furin Antibody [NB100-1903]

Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Furin Antibody [NB100-1903] - Immunolocalization of endogenous furin in mouse 3T3 cells.
Flow Cytometry: Furin Antibody [NB100-1903]

Flow Cytometry: Furin Antibody [NB100-1903]

Flow Cytometry: Furin Antibody [NB100-1903] - Flow cytometry analysis of Furin Convertase was done on HeLa cells. Cells were fixed with 70% ethanol for 10 minutes, permeabilized with 0.25% Triton (R) X-100 for 20 minutes, and blocked with 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were labeled with Furin Convertase Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody or with rabbit isotype control (pink histogram) at 3-5 ug/million cells in 2.5% BSA. After incubation at room temperature for 2 hours, the cells were labeled with Alexa Fluor (R) 488 Goat Anti-Rabbit Secondary Antibody (A11008) at a dilution of 1:400 for 30 minutes at room temperature. The representative 10, 000 cells were acquired and analyzed for each sample using an Attune (R) Acoustic Focusing Cytometer. The purple histogram represents unstained control cells and the green histogram represents no-primary-antibody control.

Applications for Furin Antibody

Application
Recommended Usage

Flow Cytometry

3 - 5 ug

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence

1:10 - 1:500

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin

1:10 - 1:500

Immunoprecipitation

1:100

Western Blot

1:1000
Application Notes
Blocking usage was reported in scientific literature (PMID: 11741999).
Please Note: Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Reviewed Applications

Read 1 review rated 5 using NB100-1903 in the following applications:

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Immunogen affinity purified

Formulation

PBS with 1 mg/ml BSA

Preservative

0.05% Sodium Azide

Concentration

2 mg/ml

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Store at -20C. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.

Background: Furin

Furin (also known as FUR, PACE, PCSK3, and SCP1) is a ubiquity expressed, calcium-dependent serine protease that belongs to the subtilisin-like proprotein convertase (PC) family (1). Furin is synthesized as a 794-amino acid type-I transmembrane protein (1). Like other PC family members, furin shares structural similarity which includes a heterogeneous ~10 kDa amino terminal proregion, a ~55 kDa highly conserved subtilisin-like catalytic domain, and a carboxylterminal domain that is heterogeneous and varies in length and sequence between different PC family members (2). Furin plays an important role in embryogenesis and assists in the maturation of proprotein substrates (1,3). As a protease, furin cleaves and activates over 150 mammalian, viral, and bacterial substrates (3). These substrates include growth factors, receptors, hormones, cytokines, and adhesion molecules (1, 3). Furin processes these proproteins in secretory pathway compartments by cleaving at the carboxyl-terminus of the consensus sequence RX(K/R)R (where X is any amino acid) (1). Furin is localized to the trans-Golgi-network by the acidic peptide sequence C771PSDSEEDEG780 where phosphorylation of the serine residues regulates the intracellular trafficking. Another unique signaling domain is the hydrophobic motif Y759KGL762 that modulates endocytosis from the cell surface. The theoretical molecular weight of furin is 87 kDa; however, the observed molecular weight may vary as post-translational modifications, like glycosylation, cause the pre-pro furin to run at 110-104 kDa, the mature furin at 98-95 kDa, and the shed furin at 90 kDa (4).

Proteolytic cleavage regulates several physiological processes in both health and disease (3). Abnormal activity or mutations in proteases, including furin, is associated with pathologies and diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, inflammation, neurological diseases, and autoimmune diseases (3). As mentioned above, furin also acts upon bacterial substrates, including anthrax and Shiga toxin, and many virus families such as Herpes-, Flavi-, and Corona-, leading to host infections. Furthermore, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) present with a S-spike protein that is cleaved by PCs, including furin, at the S1/S2 cleavage site (5, 6). The cleavage allows the SARS-CoV-2 to then attach to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor via the S1 domain and the cellular membrane via the S2 domain (5, 6). Although COVID-19 patients mostly present with respiratory symptoms, a variety of other systems are affected including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal (GI), and the liver (5-7). It is suggested that the S1/furin/ACE2 interaction promotes SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to the harmful symptoms and reactions in patients (5, 6). Cardiovascular disease is a common comorbidity in patients, along with hypertension, myocardial damage, and heart palpitations (Ming). Further evidence of furin being a risk factor for infection is the high levels of furin present in the blood of heart failure patients (5). Similarly, the small bowel may be another interaction site for infection as it is rich in furin and the intestinal enterocytes have many ACE2 receptors (6). Furin is also highly expressed in the liver and hepatocytes and cholangiocytes of the liver present ACE2 receptors (3, 7). Studies have shown that up one-third of COVID-19 patients experience GI symptoms which range from diarrhea and loss of appetite to abdominal cramping and bloody stool (6, 7). Additionally, some patients displayed abnormal liver enzyme levels (7). It has been suggested that a possible therapeutic strategy for treating those infected with SARS-CoV-2 is pharmacologically or immunologically modulating furin or ACE2 binding sites to combat COVID-19 infection (3, 5).

References

1. Thomas, G. (2002). Furin at the cutting edge: from protein traffic to emryogenesis and disease. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm934

2. Zhou A., Paquet, L., & Mains, R.E. (1995). Structural elements that direct specific processing of different mammalian subtilisin-like prohormone convertases. J Biol Chem. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.37.21509

3. Braun E., & Sauter, D. (2019). Furin-mediated protein processing in infectious diseases and cancer. Clin Transl Immunology. https://doi:10.1002/cti2.1073

4. Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology, FURIN

5. Ming, Y. & Qiang, L. (2020). Involvement of Spike Protein, Furin, and ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2-Related Cardiovascular Complications. SN Compr. Clin. Med. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00400-2

6. Monkemuller, K., Fry, L., & Rickes, S. (2020). COVID-19, coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 and the small bowel. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. https://doi:10.17235/reed.2020.7137/2020

7. Agarwal, A., Chen, A., Ravindran, N., To, C., & Thuluvath, P.J. (2020). Gastrointestinal and Liver Manifestations of COVID-19. J Clin Exp Hepatol. https://doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2020.03.001

Alternate Names

FUR, PACE, PCSK3, SPC1

Entrez Gene IDs

5045 (Human)

Gene Symbol

FURIN

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Product Specific Notices for Furin Antibody

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

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