Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Human

Applications

Immunohistochemistry-Frozen, Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin

Label

Unconjugated

Antibody Source

Recombinant Monoclonal Rabbit IgG Kappa Clone # HLA-DRA/6839R

Format

Azide and BSA Free

Concentration

1 mg/ml

View all HLA-DR Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

Recombinant fragment (around aa1-200) of human HLA-DR protein (exact sequence is proprietary)

Localization

Cell surface.

Specificity

This monoclonal antibody reacts with the beta-chain of HLA-DR antigen, a member of MHC class II molecules. It does not cross react with HLA-DP and HLA-DQ. The L243 antibody recognizes a different epitope than the HLA-DRA/6839R monoclonal antibody, and these antibodies do not cross-block binding to each others respective epitopes.

Clonality

Monoclonal

Host

Rabbit

Isotype

IgG Kappa

Description

Positive Controls: Human tonsil or lymph node.

Antibody with azide - store at 2 to 8C. Antibody without azide - store at -20 to -80C. Non-hazardous. No MSDS required.

Scientific Data Images for HLA-DR Antibody (HLA-DRA/6839R) - Azide and BSA Free

HLA-DR Antibody (HLA-DRA/6839R) - Azide and BSA Free

HLA-DR Antibody (HLA-DRA/6839R)

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tonsil stained with HLA-DR antibody (HLA-DRA/6839R). Inset: PBS instead of primary antibody; secondary only negative control.
HLA-DR Antibody (HLA-DRA/6839R) - Azide and BSA Free

HLA-DR Antibody (HLA-DRA/6839R)

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tonsil stained with HLA-DR antibody (HLA-DRA/6839R). HIER: Tris/EDTA, pH9.0, 45min. Secondary: HRP-polymer, 30min. DAB, 5min.

Applications for HLA-DR Antibody (HLA-DRA/6839R) - Azide and BSA Free

Application
Recommended Usage

Immunohistochemistry-Frozen

1-2 ug/ml

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin

1-2 ug/ml
Application Notes
Immunohistochemistry (Frozen & Formalin-fixed): 1-2ug/ml for 30 minutes. at RT. Staining of formalin-fixed tissues is enhanced by boiling tissue sections in 10mM Citrate Buffer, pH 6.0, for 10-20 min followed by cooling at RT for 20 minutes.

Optimal dilution for a specific application should be determined.

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Protein A or G purified

Formulation

10mM PBS

Format

Azide and BSA Free

Preservative

No Preservative

Concentration

1 mg/ml

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Store at -20 to -70C. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.

Background: HLA-DR

Human Leukocyte Antigen -DR isotype (HLA-DR) is a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule expressed by antigen presenting cells (APCs) that plays a significant role in immune response (1). Class II molecules also include isoforms HLA-DP and -DQ (1,2). These type I membrane glycoproteins on APCs present peptides to helper T cells and T cell receptors on CD4+ cells (1). In humans, the genes encoding class II MHC proteins are located on chromosome 6p21, where HLA-DR is typically the most highly expressed, followed by HLA-DQ and then HLA-DP (3). Structurally, HLA-DR molecules are heterodimers consisting of an alpha chain subunit with an approximate theoretical molecular weight of 34 kDa and one of many approximately 30 kDa beta subunits (1-3). The alpha and beta genes are considered highly polymorphic with duplication resulting in nine DRB (beta subunit of HLA-DR) genes (DRB1-DRB9); though only DRB1, DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 are considered functional (2,3). On the other hand, the alpha subunit is encoded by a single DRA gene (2,3). Studies focusing on the structural and biochemical properties of peptides that bind to HLA-DR molecules have helped contribute to subunit vaccine design and development (3).

Given the role in adaptive immunity, HLA-DR allele polymorphisms, gene misexpression, and dysfunction has been implicated in many diseases ranging from autoimmune disorders to cancer (2). HLA-DR is also a classical biomarker for disease, including sepsis where reduced expression of HLA-DR molecules on monocytes, as measured by flow cytometry, indicates diagnosis and prognosis (4,5). Immunosuppression observed with sepsis results in decreased surface expression of HLA-DR and concurrent increase in expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) (4). This altered expression results in poor T cell response and apoptosis, along with reduced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine release (4). Furthermore, the decrease in HLA-DR expression is also correlated with the decrease in CD14lowCD16+ inflammatory monocytes (5). Interestingly, COVID-19 patients also exhibit a reduction in HLA-DR that correlates with disease severity and immunosuppression (5).

References

1. Andersson G. (1998). Evolution of the human HLA-DR region. Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library. https://doi.org/10.2741/a317

2. Shiina, T., Hosomichi, K., Inoko, H., & Kulski, J. K. (2009). The HLA genomic loci map: expression, interaction, diversity and disease. Journal of human genetics. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhg.2008.5

3. Stern, L. J., & Calvo-Calle, J. M. (2009). HLA-DR: molecular insights and vaccine design. Current pharmaceutical design. https://doi.org/10.2174/138161209789105171

4. Zhuang, Y., Peng, H., Chen, Y., Zhou, S., & Chen, Y. (2017). Dynamic monitoring of monocyte HLA-DR expression for the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of sepsis. Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition). https://doi.org/10.2741/4547

5. Benlyamani, I., Venet, F., Coudereau, R., Gossez, M., & Monneret, G. (2020). Monocyte HLA-DR Measurement by Flow Cytometry in COVID-19 Patients: An Interim Review. Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology. https://doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.24249

Long Name

Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II DR

Alternate Names

HLA-DRA, HLADR, MHC Class II DR

Gene Symbol

HLA-DRA

Additional HLA-DR Products

Product Documents for HLA-DR Antibody (HLA-DRA/6839R) - Azide and BSA Free

Product Datasheets

Certificate of Analysis

To download a Certificate of Analysis, please enter a lot number in the search box below.

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Product Specific Notices for HLA-DR Antibody (HLA-DRA/6839R) - Azide and BSA Free

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

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