Human/Mouse Gremlin Antibody

R&D Systems, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # AF956

R&D Systems, part of Bio-Techne
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AF956
AF956-SP
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Biotin
BAF956
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Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Validated:

Human, Mouse

Cited:

Human, Mouse, Rat, Bovine

Applications

Validated:

Blockade of Receptor-ligand Interaction, Immunohistochemistry

Cited:

Functional Assay, Immunocytochemistry, Immunohistochemistry, Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin, Neutralization, Western Blot

Label

Unconjugated

Antibody Source

Polyclonal Goat IgG

View all Gremlin Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant mouse Gremlin
Lys25-Asp184
Accession # O70326

Specificity

Detects human and mouse Gremlin in direct ELISAs.

Clonality

Polyclonal

Host

Goat

Isotype

IgG

Endotoxin Level

<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Scientific Data Images for Human/Mouse Gremlin Antibody

Gremlin antibody in Human Breast Cancer Tissue by Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P).

Gremlin in Human Breast Cancer Tissue.

Gremlin was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human breast cancer tissue using Goat Anti-Human/Mouse Gremlin Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF956) at 3 µg/mL for 1 hour at room temperature followed by incubation with the Anti-Goat IgG VisUCyte™ HRP Polymer Antibody (Catalog # VC004). Before incubation with the primary antibody, tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (Catalog # CTS013). Tissue was stained using DAB (brown) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to cytoplasm. View our protocol for IHC Staining with VisUCyte HRP Polymer Detection Reagents.
Gremlin antibody in Embryonic Mouse Ribs by Immunohistochemistry (IHC-Fr).

Gremlin in Embryonic Mouse Ribs.

Gremlin was detected in immersion fixed frozen sections of embryonic mouse ribs (15 d.p.c.) using 15 µg/mL Goat Anti-Human/Mouse Gremlin Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF956) overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained with the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Frozen Tissue Sections.

Applications for Human/Mouse Gremlin Antibody

Application
Recommended Usage

Blockade of Receptor-ligand Interaction

In a functional ELISA, 1-3 µg/mL of this antibody will block 50% of the binding of 100 ng/mL of Recombinant Human BMP-4 (Catalog # 314-BP) to immobilized Recombinant Mouse Gremlin (Catalog # 956-GR) coated at 5 µg/mL (100 µL/well).

Immunohistochemistry

3-15 µg/mL
Sample: Immersion fixed frozen sections of embryonic mouse ribs (15 d.p.c.), and immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human breast cancer tissue
Please Note: Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Reviewed Applications

Read 2 reviews rated 4 using AF956 in the following applications:

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Antigen Affinity-purified

Reconstitution

Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS. For liquid material, refer to CoA for concentration.

Reconstitution Buffer Available:
Size / Price
Qty

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

Shipping

Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: Gremlin

Gremlin was identified in a Xenopus expression-cloning screen as a dorsalizing factor that can induce a secondary axis. A rat homolog, called Drm, was identified as a cDNA that was downregulated in v-mos transfected cells. Gremlin/Drm belongs to the DAN family of secreted glycoproteins that are BMP antagonists. Other members of the family include: cerberus, Dante, PRDC, caronte and DAN. DAN family members share a cysteine-rich domain that is structurally related to the cysteine-knot motif found in TGF-beta superfamily ligands. In vitro, Gremlin/Drm binds BMP-4 and BMP-2 indicating that it might interfere with BMP signaling. Gremlin/Drm acts as a BMP-2/4 antagonist in a variety of tissues and developmental processes including: Xenopus animal cap explants, chick limb bud outgrowth and chondrogenesis, murine lung branching morphogenesis, and osteogenic differentiation of mouse myoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells. In addition, expression of Gremlin/Drm has been shown to be downregulated in a wide range of human cancer cell lines. Mouse, human, chick and Xenopus homologs of Gremlin share over 80% amino acid identity. It is likely that various DAN family members and other BMP antagonists including Noggin, Chordin, Follistatin and TSG can selectively antagonize the activities of different subsets of TGF-beta superfamily ligands.

References

  1. Hsu, D.R. et al. (1998) Mol. Cell 1:673.
  2. Merino, R. et al. (1999) Development 126:5515.
  3. Shi, W. et al. (2001) Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 280:L1030.
  4. Topol, L.Z. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275:8785.

Alternate Names

DAND2, DRM, GREM1

Entrez Gene IDs

26585 (Human); 23892 (Mouse)

Gene Symbol

GREM1

UniProt

O70326

Additional Gremlin Products

Product Documents for Human/Mouse Gremlin Antibody

Product Datasheets

Certificate of Analysis

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Note: Certificate of Analysis not available for kit components.

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Product Specific Notices for Human/Mouse Gremlin Antibody

For research use only

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