T cells require a signal induced by the engagement of the T cell receptor and a “co‑stimulatory” signal(s) through distinct T cell surface molecules for optimal T cell activation and tolerance. Members of the B7 superfamily of counter-receptors were identified by their ability to interact with co‑stimulatory molecules found on the surface of T cells. Members of the B7 superfamily include B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), B7-H1 (PD-L1), B7-H2 (B7RP-1), B7-H3, and PD-L2 (B7-DC) (1). B7 proteins are immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily members with extracellular Ig-V-like and Ig-C-like domains and short cytoplasmic domains. Among the family members, they share from 20‑40% amino acid (aa) sequence identity. The cloned human PD-L2 cDNA encodes a 273 aa type I membrane precursor protein with a putative 20 aa signal peptide, a 201 aa extracellular region containing one V-like and one C-like Ig domain, a 24 aa transmembrane region, and a 28 aa cytoplasmic domain. The extracellular domains of mouse and human PD-L2 share approximately 70% aa sequence identity (2). PD-L2 is one of two ligands for programmed death-1 (PD-1), a member of the CD28 family of immuno-receptors. The other identified ligand is PD-L1. Human PD-L1 and PD-L2 share approximately 41% aa sequence identity and have similar functions. PD-L2 is broadly expressed in tissues. Highest expression was detected by Northern blot analysis in heart, placenta, liver, pancreas, spleen, and lymph node. Lower amounts of expression were observed in lung, smooth muscle, and thymus. Expression of PD-L2 on antigen presenting cell has been examined in detail. Resting B cells, monocytes and dendritic cells do not express PD-L2, expression however can be induced by LPS or BCR activation in B cells, INF-gamma treatment in monocytes, or LPS plus IFN-gamma treatment of dendritic cells. PD-L2 expression is also up regulated in a variety of tumor cell lines. On previously activated T cells, PD-L2 interaction with PD-1 inhibits TCR-mediated proliferation and cytokine production, suggesting an inhibitory role in regulating immune responses. In contrast, a co‑stimulatory function for the PD-L2 on resting T cells activated with sub-optimal TCR signals has also been reported (3).

References

Coyle, A.J. and J-C. Gutierrrez-Ramos (2001) Nature Immunol. 2:203.
Latchman Y. et al. (2001) Nature Immun. 2:261.
Carreno, B.M. and M. Collins (2002) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 20:29.

Long Name

Programmed Death-1 Ligand-2

Alternate Names

B7-DC, Butyrophilin-like Protein, CD273, PDCD1LG2, PDL2

Entrez Gene IDs

80380 (Human); 58205 (Mouse); 309304 (Rat); 102146227 (Cynomolgus Monkey)

Gene Symbol

PDCD1LG2

UniProt

Q9BQ51

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Product Specific Notices for Human PD-L2/B7-DC Alexa Fluor® 488-conjugated Antibody

This product is provided under an agreement between Life Technologies Corporation and R&D Systems, Inc, and the manufacture, use, sale or import of this product is subject to one or more US patents and corresponding non-US equivalents, owned by Life Technologies Corporation and its affiliates. The purchase of this product conveys to the buyer the non-transferable right to use the purchased amount of the product and components of the product only in research conducted by the buyer (whether the buyer is an academic or for-profit entity). The sale of this product is expressly conditioned on the buyer not using the product or its components (1) in manufacturing; (2) to provide a service, information, or data to an unaffiliated third party for payment; (3) for therapeutic, diagnostic or prophylactic purposes; (4) to resell, sell, or otherwise transfer this product or its components to any third party, or for any other commercial purpose. Life Technologies Corporation will not assert a claim against the buyer of the infringement of the above patents based on the manufacture, use or sale of a commercial product developed in research by the buyer in which this product or its components was employed, provided that neither this product nor any of its components was used in the manufacture of such product. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than research, contact Life Technologies Corporation, Cell Analysis Business Unit, Business Development, 29851 Willow Creek Road, Eugene, OR 97402, Tel: (541) 465-8300. Fax: (541) 335-0354.

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Human PD-L2/B7-DC Alexa Fluor® 488-conjugated Antibody

R&D Systems, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # FAB12241G

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Background: PD-L2/B7-DC