Mouse B7-1/CD80 Antibody

B7-1 and B7-2, together with their receptors CD28 and CTLA-4, constitute one of the dominant costimulatory pathways that regulate T and B cell responses. Although both CTLA-4 and CD28 can bind to the same ligands, CTLA-4 binds to B7-1 and B7-2 with a 20-100 fold higher affinity than CD28 and is involved in the down-regulation of the immune response. B7-1 is expressed on activated B cells, activated T cells, and macrophages. B7-2 is constitutively expressed on interdigitating dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, peripheral blood dendritic cells, memory B cells, and germinal center B cells. Additionally, B7-2 is expressed at low levels on monocytes and can be up-regulated through interferon gamma. B7-1 and B7-2 are both members of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Mouse B7-1 is a 306 amino acid (aa) protein containing a putative 37 aa signal peptide, a 190 aa extracellular domain, a 22 aa transmembrane domain, and a 38 aa cytoplasmic domain. Mouse B7-1 and B7-2 share 28% amino acid identity. Mouse and human B7-1 share 44% amino acid identity. However, it has been observed that both human and mouse B7-1 and B7‑2 can bind to either human or mouse CD28 and CTLA-4, suggesting that there are conserved amino acids which form the B7-1/B7-2/CD28/CTLA-4 critical binding sites.