Phospho-Raf-1 (S642) Antibody
R&D Systems, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # PPS061
Key Product Details
Species Reactivity
Applications
Label
Antibody Source
Product Specifications
Immunogen
Specificity
Clonality
Host
Isotype
Applications for Phospho-Raf-1 (S642) Antibody
Western Blot
Sample: UV treated human Jurkat cell lysates
Formulation, Preparation, and Storage
Purification
Formulation
Shipping
Stability & Storage
Background: Raf-1
Raf-1 (also C-Raf) is a ubiquitously expressed, 73 kDa, 648 amino acid (aa) Raf subfamily, Ser/Thr protein kinase family enzyme. Raf-1 is an entry point into the MAP kinase/Erk-1/2 signaling pathway. The molecule contains three distinct regions; an N-terminal RBD (Ras-binding domain) (amino acids 56-131), followed by two rich segments [a cysteine-finger region (amino acids 138-184) (also called CR1/C1) and a second cysteine-rich region (CR2) (amino acids 253-264)] and a C-terminal Ser/Thr kinase catalytic domain (amino acids 354-611). In general, Raf-1 phosphorylates and activates MEK-1/2. MEK-1/2, in turn, phosphorylates and activates
ERK-1/2. The activation of Raf-1 begins upstream at the plasma membrane with the activation of Ras. During Ras activation, Raf-1 is inactive, in part because a
14-3-3 protein constitutively binds to phosphorylated Ser 259 and Ser 621 residues on Raf-1. Once activated, Ras binds Raf-1 on the Raf RBD, and displaces 14-3-3, allowing for additional Ras binding to the CR1. These two ligations now activate Raf-1. In the inactive state, Raf-1 is constitutively phosphorylated on Ser 43, Ser 259, and Ser 621. Upon activation, Ser 338, Tyr 431, Tyr 491, and Ser 494 also become phosphorylated, with phosphorylation at Ser 338 inducing activation. Down-regulation of Raf-1 occurs on other sites. Phosphorylation on proline-directed serine sites at position 301 and 642 are posited to be part of a negative feedback system regulated by ERK.
References
- Wellbrock, C. et al. (2004) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:875.
- Dhillon, A.S. and W. Kolch (2002) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 404:3.
- Muslin, A.J. (2005) Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 15:225.
- Morrison, D.K. and R.E. Cutler (1997) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 9:174.
- Bonner, T.I. (1986) Nucleic Acids Res. 14:1009.
- Dougherty, M.K. et al. (2005) Mol. Cell 17:215.
- Hekman, M. et al. (2005) FEBS Lett. 579:464.
Long Name
Alternate Names
Gene Symbol
Additional Raf-1 Products
Product Documents for Phospho-Raf-1 (S642) Antibody
Product Specific Notices for Phospho-Raf-1 (S642) Antibody
For research use only