Rat Neurexophilin-1/NXPH-1 Antibody

Neurexophilin-1 (NXPH-1) is one of at least four vertebrate neuropeptide-like secreted glycoproteins in the neurexophilin family (1, 2). The 29 kDa, 271 amino acid (aa) NXPH-1 sequence contains a 22 aa signal peptide, a 94 aa propeptide that is cleaved at a basic motif, and a 115 aa mature protein that contains three potential N‑glycosylation sites in the N-terminal portion and six conserved cysteines in the C-terminal portion (1). Mature rat NXPH-1 shares 99%, 99%, 99%, 96% and 84% aa identity with mouse, human, bovine, opossum and zebrafish NXPH-1, respectively. NXPH-1 is expressed selectively in subpopulations of neurons within the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and olfactory bulb that are thought likely to be inhibitory interneurons (2, 3). NXPH-3 is the neurexophilin most similar to NXPH-1, sharing 69% aa identity within the mature region. Expression of NXPH-1 and NXPH-3 does not appear to coincide, but both are tightly bound extracellular ligands of alpha-neurexins, synaptic transmembrane molecules that are essential for calcium-triggered neurotransmitter release (1, 4, 5). Genetic deletion of NXPH-1 and/or NXPH-3 produces no anatomical effect, although mice lacking NXPH-3 show defects in motor coordination (4, 6). Of the other known neurexophilins, NXPH-2 is not expressed in rodents, and NXPH-4 does not bind alpha-neurexins (1, 4).