S100B Antibody (4C4.9) - IHC-Prediluted

Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # NBP2-44590

Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne

Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat, Bovine

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin

Label

Unconjugated

Antibody Source

Monoclonal Mouse IgG2a Kappa Clone # 4C4.9

Format

IHC-Prediluted

Concentration

Please see the vial label for concentration. If unlisted please contact technical services.

View all S100B Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

Purified bovine brain S100B protein (Uniprot: P04271)

Localization

Cytoplasmic and Nuclear

Specificity

S100 belongs to the family of calcium binding proteins. S100A and S100B proteins are two members of the S100 family. S100A is composed of an alpha and a beta chain whereas S100B is composed of two beta chains. This antibody is specific against an epitope located on the beta-chain (i.e. in S-100A and S-100B) but not on the alpha-chain of S-100 (i.e. in S-100A and S100A0). This antibody can be used to localize S-100A and S-100B in various tissue sections. S-100 protein has been found in normal melanocytes, Langerhans cells, histiocytes, chondrocytes, lipocytes, skeletal and cardiac muscle, Schwann cells, epithelial and myoepithelial cells of the breast, salivary and sweat glands, as well as in glial cells. Neoplasms derived from these cells also express S-100 protein, albeit non-uniformly. A large number of well-differentiated tumors of the salivary gland, adipose and cartilaginous tissue, and Schwann cell-derived tumors express S-100 protein. Almost all malignant melanomas and cases of histiocytosis X are positive for S-100 protein.

Marker

Astrocyte and Melanoma Marker

Clonality

Monoclonal

Host

Mouse

Isotype

IgG2a Kappa

Description

The prediluted antibody does not require any mixing, dilution, reconstitution, or titration; the antibody is ready-to-use and optimized for staining.

Scientific Data Images for S100B Antibody (4C4.9) - IHC-Prediluted

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: S100B Antibody (4C4.9) - IHC-Prediluted [NBP2-44590]

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: S100B Antibody (4C4.9) - IHC-Prediluted [NBP2-44590]

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: S100B Antibody (4C4.9) - IHC-Prediluted [NBP2-44590] - Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human Melanoma stained with S100B Antibody (4C4.9)
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: S100B Antibody (4C4.9) - IHC-Prediluted [NBP2-44590]

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: S100B Antibody (4C4.9) - IHC-Prediluted [NBP2-44590]

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: S100B Antibody (4C4.9) - IHC-Prediluted [NBP2-44590] - Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human melanoma stained with S100 Ab (4C4.9).
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: S100B Antibody (4C4.9) - IHC-Prediluted [NBP2-44590]

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: S100B Antibody (4C4.9) - IHC-Prediluted [NBP2-44590]

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: S100B Antibody (4C4.9) - IHC-Prediluted [NBP2-44590] - Confocal Immunofluorescent analysis of A2058 cells using AF488-labeled S100B Monoclonal antibody (4C4.9) (Green). F-actin filaments were labeled with DyLight 554 Phalloidin (red). DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclei (blue).

Applications for S100B Antibody (4C4.9) - IHC-Prediluted

Application
Recommended Usage

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin

0.25 - 0.5 ug/ml
Application Notes
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin-fixed): 0.25-0.5ug/ml for 30 minutes at RT. Staining of formalin-fixed tissues requires heating tissue sections in 10mM Tris with 1mM EDTA, pH 9.0, for 45 min at 95C followed by cooling at RT for 20 minutes.
Optimal dilution for a specific application should be determined.

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Protein A or G purified

Formulation

10 mM PBS with 0.05% BSA

Format

IHC-Prediluted

Preservative

0.05% Sodium Azide

Concentration

Please see the vial label for concentration. If unlisted please contact technical services.

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Store at 4C.

Background: S100B

S100B is a zinc- and calcium-binding protein belonging to the S100 protein family within the EF-hand (helix E-loop-helix F) subgroup (1,2). S100B plays a role in normal central nervous system development, is associated with various neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, and it serves as a marker for brain injury (1,2). The S100B protein has a homodimeric structure comprised of two 91-amino acid polypeptide monomers each with a theoretical molecular weight of 10.5 kDa (1,2). Furthermore, each monomer contains two EF-hand regions, four helixes, and a hinge region (2). S100B is predominately expressed in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells, but also other cell types including adipocytes (1,3). S100B interacts with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), initiating downstream signaling cascades and transcription factors including JNK/JUN, NFkappaB, and p38, leading to caspase and proinflammatory cytokine production (2). Overall outcomes include neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration (1,2). S100B is the most commonly studied astroglia and blood brain barrier biomarker in traumatic brain injury (TBI) (3,4). The serum levels of S100B in patients with TBI is indicative of patient outcomes, where high levels correlate with injury severity and mortality (4). S100B is often in used in combination with additional biomarkers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) (3,4).

References

1. Yardan, T., Erenler, A. K., Baydin, A., Aydin, K., & Cokluk, C. (2011). Usefulness of S100B protein in neurological disorders. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 61(3), 276-281.

2. Langeh, U., & Singh, S. (2021). Targeting S100B Protein as a Surrogate Biomarker and its Role in Various Neurological Disorders. Current neuropharmacology, 19(2), 265-277. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X18666200729100427

3. Thelin, E. P., Nelson, D. W., & Bellander, B. M. (2017). A review of the clinical utility of serum S100B protein levels in the assessment of traumatic brain injury. Acta neurochirurgica, 159(2), 209-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-016-3046-3

4. Wang, K. K., Yang, Z., Zhu, T., Shi, Y., Rubenstein, R., Tyndall, J. A., & Manley, G. T. (2018). An update on diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for traumatic brain injury. Expert review of molecular diagnostics, 18(2), 165-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/14737159.2018.1428089

Long Name

S100 Calcium Binding Protein B

Alternate Names

beta (neural), NEF, S100, S100 beta, S100 calcium binding protein B, S100 calcium-binding protein B, S100 calcium-binding protein, beta (neural), S-100 calcium-binding protein, beta chain, 10protein S100-B, S-100 protein beta chain, S-100 protein subunit beta, S100beta

Gene Symbol

S100B

Additional S100B Products

Product Documents for S100B Antibody (4C4.9) - IHC-Prediluted

Product Datasheets

Certificate of Analysis

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Product Specific Notices for S100B Antibody (4C4.9) - IHC-Prediluted

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

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