TCR gamma/delta Antibody (B1) [Janelia Fluor® 635]
Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # NBP2-62225JF635
Conjugate
Catalog #
Key Product Details
Species Reactivity
Validated:
Human, Primate
Applications
Flow (Cell Surface), Flow Cytometry, Functional, Immunohistochemistry, Immunohistochemistry-Frozen, Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin
Label
Janelia Fluor 635
Antibody Source
Monoclonal Mouse IgG1 kappa Clone # B1
Concentration
Please see the vial label for concentration. If unlisted please contact technical services.
Product Summary for TCR gamma/delta Antibody (B1) [Janelia Fluor® 635]
Immunogen
TCR gamma/delta, the subtype of T cell receptor expressed mainly in epithelial tissues and at the sites of infection.
Specificity
The mouse monoclonal antibody B1 (also known as B1.1) recognizes TCR gamma/delta, the subtype of T cell receptor expressed mainly in epithelial tissues and at the sites of infection.
Clonality
Monoclonal
Host
Mouse
Isotype
IgG1 kappa
Applications for TCR gamma/delta Antibody (B1) [Janelia Fluor® 635]
Application
Recommended Usage
Flow (Cell Surface)
Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.
Flow Cytometry
Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.
Functional
Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.
Immunohistochemistry
Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.
Immunohistochemistry-Frozen
Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin
Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.
Application Notes
Optimal dilution of this antibody should be experimentally determined.
Please Note: Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.
Formulation, Preparation, and Storage
Purification
Protein A purified
Formulation
50mM Sodium Borate
Preservative
0.05% Sodium Azide
Concentration
Please see the vial label for concentration. If unlisted please contact technical services.
Shipping
The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Store at 4C in the dark.
Background: TCR gamma/delta
In humans, T cells expressing TCR gamma delta represents ~1-5% of total T cells in the peripheral blood but can comprise up to 50% of lymphoid cells in peripheral tissues like the intestines or dermis (3). The TCR gamma delta lineage arises from the double negative 3 (DN3) (CD44-,CD25-) stage of development where the cells receive strong TCR signals for gamma/delta selection (2). In contrast to alpha/beta T cells which are CD4+/CD8+, most gamma delta T cells are CD4-/CD8- (2). Gamma delta T cells produce different cytokines in response to varying degrees of signal received through the gamma delta TCR: a weaker signal induces interleukin (IL)-17, a moderate signal induces interferon (IFN)-gamma, and a strong signal stimulates IL-4 production (2,4). There are multiple gamma delta T cell subsets which are defined by the variable segments of the gamma and delta chain present after gene rearrangement (1,3,5). For example, Vgamma9Vdelta2 (Vgamma9Vdelta2) TCRs are expressed on the main subset of gamma delta T cells in human blood (1,3,5). Human gamma delta T cells expressing Vgamma9Vdelta2 TCR recognizes phosphoantigens that are released by tumor cells (3). The phosphoantigens bind butyrophilin (BTN) family members, such as BTN3A1/CD277, that are expressed on tumor cells and this interaction helps stimulate gamma delta T cell activation and tumor recognition (3). Considering their role in tumor recognition and killing, gamma delta T cells and the TCRs may be leveraged for cancer immunotherapies (3,4,6). Strategies for utilizing gamma delta T cells in immunotherapy include chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) transduction in gamma delta T cells, in vivo activation of gamma delta cells with anti-BTN3A1 monoclonal antibodies, or bispecific gamma delta T cell engagers (6).
References
1. Morath, A., & Schamel, W. W. (2020). AB and GD T cell receptors: similar but different. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 107(6), 1045-1055. https://doi.org/10.1002/JLB.2MR1219-233R
2. Zarin, P., Chen, E. L., In, T. S., Anderson, M. K., & Zuniga-Pflucker, J. C. (2015). Gamma delta T-cell differentiation and effector function programming, TCR signal strength, when and how much?. Cellular Immunology, 296(1), 70-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.03.007
3. Silva-Santos, B., Serre, K., & Norell, H. (2015). GD T cells in cancer. Nature Reviews. Immunology, 15(11), 683-691. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3904
4. Hahn, A. M., & Winkler, T. H. (2020). Resolving the mystery-How TCR transgenic mouse models shed light on the elusive case of gamma delta T cells. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 107(6), 993-1007. https://doi.org/10.1002/JLB.1MR0120-237R
5. Fichtner, A. S., Ravens, S., & Prinz, I. (2020). Human GD TCR repertoires in health and disease. Cells, 9(4), 800. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9040800
6. Kabelitz, D., Serrano, R., Kouakanou, L., Peters, C., & Kalyan, S. (2020). Cancer immunotherapy with gammadelta T cells: many paths ahead of us. Cellular & Molecular Immunology, 17(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-0504-x
Alternate Names
delta polypeptide, T3D, TiT3
Gene Symbol
TRG
Additional TCR gamma/delta Products
Product Documents for TCR gamma/delta Antibody (B1) [Janelia Fluor® 635]
Product Specific Notices for TCR gamma/delta Antibody (B1) [Janelia Fluor® 635]
Sold under license from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus.
This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.
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