Tyrosine Hydroxylase [p Ser31] Antibody

Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # NB300-211

Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne
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NB300-211
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Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Validated:

Human, Mouse, Rat

Cited:

Human, Mouse, Rat

Predicted:

Primate (100%). Backed by our 100% Guarantee.

Applications

Validated:

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Immunohistochemistry-Frozen, Western Blot

Cited:

Western Blot

Label

Unconjugated

Antibody Source

Polyclonal Rabbit IgG

Concentration

Please see the vial label for concentration. If unlisted please contact technical services.

View all Tyrosine Hydroxylase Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

Synthetic phospho-peptide corresponding to amino acid residues surrounding Tyrosine Hydroxylase conjugated to KLH. Accession # P04177

Reactivity Notes

Use in Human reported in scientific literature (PMID:32796843).

Modification

p Ser31

Localization

Cytoplasmic

Specificity

Specific for endogenous levels of the ~60 kDa tyrosine hydroxylase protein phosphorylated at Ser31.

Marker

Neuronal Marker

Clonality

Polyclonal

Host

Rabbit

Isotype

IgG

Theoretical MW

60 kDa.
Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Scientific Data Images for Tyrosine Hydroxylase [p Ser31] Antibody

Western Blot: Tyrosine Hydroxylase [p Ser31] Antibody [NB300-211]

Western Blot: Tyrosine Hydroxylase [p Ser31] Antibody [NB300-211]

Western Blot: Tyrosine Hydroxylase [p Ser31] Antibody [NB300-211] - PC-12 cells incubated in the absence (Control) and presence of okadaic acid (OA, 1 uM for 60 min) showing specific immunolabeling of the ~60 kDa TH phosphorylated at Ser31.

Applications for Tyrosine Hydroxylase [p Ser31] Antibody

Application
Recommended Usage

Immunohistochemistry

1:1000

Immunohistochemistry-Frozen

1:1000

Western Blot

1:1000
Please Note: Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Antigen Affinity-purified

Formulation

10 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 0.15 M NaCl, 0.1 mg/mL BSA, 50% Glycerol

Preservative

No Preservative

Concentration

Please see the vial label for concentration. If unlisted please contact technical services.

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Store at -20C. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.

Background: Tyrosine Hydroxylase

The tetrameric enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), also designated as tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (TY3H), is the rate-limiting enzyme for catecholamine biosynthesis and has a theoretical molecular weight of 60 kDa. Encoded by the TH gene, TH catalyzes the conversion of the amino acid L-tyrosine to L-3,4- dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) in the central nervous system and adrenal medulla. The precursor of catecholamines, L-dopa, is converted to dopamine for use in the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) (1) . Dysfunction in the TH gene, and thus the enzymatic activity by TH, dysregulates catecholamine synthesis.

Two transcription factor binding sites in the proximal region of the TH gene, the TPA-responsive element (TRE) and the c-AMP responsive element (CRE), have been implicated in the complex regulation of the TH gene. Dysregulation of breakdown for the amino acid, tyrosine, by TH is a result of a genetic disorder that results in Tyrosinemia (high levels of tyrosine in the blood, tissue and organs).

Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency is a disorder that primarily affects movement, where individuals display symptoms that include lack of coordination when walking, postural tremors and unusual body positioning. TH deficient dopamine-responsive dystonia (DRD), also known as Segawa syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder that is associated with low levels of TH and is diagnosed during childhood with characteristic symptoms including increased muscle tone (dystonia) and signs of Parkinsonism like bradykinesia, tremors, rigidity and postural instability (2). Correspondingly, TH is also linked to Parkinson's disease in older adults, where low dopamine levels are a consistent neurochemical abnormality. Functional polymorphisms of the TH gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia and other affective disorders where dopamine is often dysregulated (3).

References

1. Hamanaka, Y., & Mizunami, M. (2019). Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the mushroom body of the field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. Cell Tissue Res, 376(1), 97-111. doi:10.1007/s00441-018-2969-9

2. Li, L., & Zhou, F. M. (2013). Parallel dopamine D1 receptor activity dependence of l-Dopa-induced normal movement and dyskinesia in mice. Neuroscience, 236, 66-76. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.065

3. Borkar, C. D., Bharne, A. P., Nagalakshmi, B., Sakharkar, A. J., Subhedar, N. K., & Kokare, D. M. (2018). Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide (CART) Alleviates MK-801-Induced Schizophrenic Dementia-Like Symptoms. Neuroscience, 375, 94-107. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.056

Alternate Names

TH, TYH

Entrez Gene IDs

21823 (Mouse); 25085 (Rat)

Gene Symbol

TH

UniProt

P04177 (Rat)

Additional Tyrosine Hydroxylase Products

Product Documents for Tyrosine Hydroxylase [p Ser31] Antibody

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Product Specific Notices for Tyrosine Hydroxylase [p Ser31] Antibody

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

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