Human Furin ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)
Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # NBP2-67962
Key Product Details
Sample Type & Volume Required Per Well
Serum, plasma and other biological fluids (100 uL)
Sensitivity
0.10 ng/mL
Assay Range
0.16 - 10 ng/mL
Product Specifications
Assay Type
Sandwich-ELISA
Kit Type
ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)
Reactivity
Human
Specificity
This kit recognizes Human FUR in samples. No significant cross-reactivity or interference between Human FUR and analogues was observed.
Precision
Intra-Assay Precision (Precision within an assay) CV% < 4.3%
Inter-Assay Precision (Precision between assays) CV% < 4.55%
Recovery for Human Furin ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)
Recovery
90-107%
Linearity
Scientific Data Images for Human Furin ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)
ELISA: Human Furin ELISA Kit (Colorimetric) [NBP2-67962] -
ELISA: Human Furin ELISA Kit (Colorimetric) [NBP2-67962] - Standard Curve ReferenceKit Contents for Human Furin ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)
- Biotinylated Detection Ab Diluent
- Concentrated Biotinylated Detection Ab (100x)
- Concentrated HRP Conjugate (100x)
- Concentrated Wash Buffer (25x)
- HRP Conjugate Diluent
- Micro ELISA Plate (Dismountable)
- Plate Sealer
- Product Manual
- Reference Standard
- Sample Diluent
- Stop Solution
- Substrate Reagent
Preparation and Storage
Shipping
The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Storage of components varies. See protocol for specific instructions.
Background: Furin
Proteolytic cleavage regulates several physiological processes in both health and disease (3). Abnormal activity or mutations in proteases, including furin, is associated with pathologies and diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, inflammation, neurological diseases, and autoimmune diseases (3). As mentioned above, furin also acts upon bacterial substrates, including anthrax and Shiga toxin, and many virus families such as Herpes-, Flavi-, and Corona-, leading to host infections. Furthermore, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) present with a S-spike protein that is cleaved by PCs, including furin, at the S1/S2 cleavage site (5, 6). The cleavage allows the SARS-CoV-2 to then attach to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor via the S1 domain and the cellular membrane via the S2 domain (5, 6). Although COVID-19 patients mostly present with respiratory symptoms, a variety of other systems are affected including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal (GI), and the liver (5-7). It is suggested that the S1/furin/ACE2 interaction promotes SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to the harmful symptoms and reactions in patients (5, 6). Cardiovascular disease is a common comorbidity in patients, along with hypertension, myocardial damage, and heart palpitations (Ming). Further evidence of furin being a risk factor for infection is the high levels of furin present in the blood of heart failure patients (5). Similarly, the small bowel may be another interaction site for infection as it is rich in furin and the intestinal enterocytes have many ACE2 receptors (6). Furin is also highly expressed in the liver and hepatocytes and cholangiocytes of the liver present ACE2 receptors (3, 7). Studies have shown that up one-third of COVID-19 patients experience GI symptoms which range from diarrhea and loss of appetite to abdominal cramping and bloody stool (6, 7). Additionally, some patients displayed abnormal liver enzyme levels (7). It has been suggested that a possible therapeutic strategy for treating those infected with SARS-CoV-2 is pharmacologically or immunologically modulating furin or ACE2 binding sites to combat COVID-19 infection (3, 5).
References
1. Thomas, G. (2002). Furin at the cutting edge: from protein traffic to emryogenesis and disease. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm934
2. Zhou A., Paquet, L., & Mains, R.E. (1995). Structural elements that direct specific processing of different mammalian subtilisin-like prohormone convertases. J Biol Chem. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.37.21509
3. Braun E., & Sauter, D. (2019). Furin-mediated protein processing in infectious diseases and cancer. Clin Transl Immunology. https://doi:10.1002/cti2.1073
4. Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology, FURIN
5. Ming, Y. & Qiang, L. (2020). Involvement of Spike Protein, Furin, and ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2-Related Cardiovascular Complications. SN Compr. Clin. Med. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00400-2
6. Monkemuller, K., Fry, L., & Rickes, S. (2020). COVID-19, coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 and the small bowel. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. https://doi:10.17235/reed.2020.7137/2020
7. Agarwal, A., Chen, A., Ravindran, N., To, C., & Thuluvath, P.J. (2020). Gastrointestinal and Liver Manifestations of COVID-19. J Clin Exp Hepatol. https://doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2020.03.001
Alternate Names
FUR, PACE, PCSK3, SPC1
Gene Symbol
FURIN
Additional Furin Products
Product Documents for Human Furin ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)
Product Specific Notices for Human Furin ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)
This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. ELISA Kits are guaranteed for 6 months from date of receipt.
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