Recombinant Mouse alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 1) Protein

Name: Recombinant Mouse alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 1) Protein
Brand: Novus Biologicals
SKU: NBP2-61596

Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # NBP2-61596

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Product Specifications
Scientific Data
Preparation & Storage
Background
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Key Product Details

Source

E. coli

Conjugate

Unconjugated

Applications

Bioactivity, Microscopy, Immunohistochemistry, Functional Assay, SDS-PAGE, Western Blot

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Product Specifications

Description

Active Mouse Recombinant Alpha Synuclein Protein Aggregate (pre-formed fibrils, Type 1). NCBI Accession #: NP_001035916.1.

Source: E. coli

Amino Acid Sequence:

MDVFMKGLSKAKEGVVAAAEKTKQGVAEAAGKTKEGVLYVGSKTKEGVVHGVTTVAEKTKEQVTNVGGAVVTGVTAVAQKTVEGAGNIAAATGFVKKDQMGKGEEGYPQE GILEDMPVDPGSEAYEMPSEEGYQDYEPEA

Purity

Ion exchange chromatography

Predicted Molecular Mass

14.46 kDa.
Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Activity

Endogenous alpha-synuclein phosphorylation. 100 uM alpha synuclein protein monomer (NBP2-61595) seeded with 10 nM alpha synuclein protein PFF (NBP2-61596) in 25 uM Thioflavin T (PBS pH 7.4, 100 ul reaction volume) generated an increased fluorescence intensity after incubation at 37C with shaking at 600 rpm for 24 hours. Fluorescence was measured by excitation at 450 nm and emission at 485 nm on a Molecular Devices Gemini XPS microplate reader.

Protein / Peptide Type

Recombinant Protein

Scientific Data Images

Immunohistochemistry: Recombinant Mouse alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 1) Protein [NBP2-61596]

Immunohistochemistry: Recombinant Mouse alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 1) Protein [NBP2-61596] - Immunohistochemistry analysis of rat brain injected with Type 1 mouse alpha synuclein PFFs (NBP2-61596). Species: Female Sprague-Dawley Rat. Rat was injected with 16g Type 1 mouse alpha synuclein PFFs (NBP2-61596) in each of 2 injection sites: AP+1.6, ML+2.4, DV-4.2 from skull; and AP-1.4, ML+0.2, DV-2.8 from skull. 30 days post-injection. Fixation: Saline perfusion followed by 4% PFA fixation for 48 hrs. Primary antibody: rabbit monoclonal anti-pSer129 alpha synuclein. Secondary Antibody: Biotin-SP Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at 1:500 for 2 hours in cold room with shaking. ABC signal amplification, DAB staining. Magnification: 20X. Alpha synuclein pathology is seen in the periform/insular cortex and the cingulate cortex on both the same (ipsi) and opposite (contra) sides as the injection sites.

In vitro assay: Recombinant Mouse alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 1) Protein [NBP2-61596]

In vitro assay: Recombinant Mouse alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 1) Protein [NBP2-61596] - Active alpha synuclein aggregate seeds the formation of new alpha Synuclein aggregates from the pool of active monomers. Thioflavin T is a fluorescent dye that binds to beta sheet-rich structures, such as those in alpha Synuclein aggregates. Upon binding, the emission spectrum of the dye experiences a red-shift, and increased fluorescence intensity. Thioflavin T emission curves show increased fluorescence (correlated to alpha Synuclein protein aggregation) over time when 10 nM of active alpha Synuclein aggregate is combined with 100 uM of active alpha Synuclein monomer, as compared to active alpha Synuclein aggregate and active alpha Synuclein monomer alone. Thioflavin T excitation maximum = 450 nm; emission maximum = 485 nm.

Electron Microscopy: Recombinant Mouse alpha-Synuclein Active, Pre-formed Fibrils, (Type 1) Protein [NBP2-61596] - TEM of Type 1 mouse alpha synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (NBP2-61596). Fibrils were sonicated and image was taken at 100kx magnification.

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Formulation, Preparation and Storage

NBP2-61596

Formulation	PBS
Concentration	Please see the vial label for concentration. If unlisted please contact technical services.
Shipping	The product is shipped with dry ice or equivalent. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage	Store at -80C in the dark. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.

Background: alpha-Synuclein

Alpha-synuclein, a member of the synuclein family, is a protein that was first identified in 1988 whose name is derived from its localization to both the synapse and nucleus (1-3). Specifically, it is expressed primarily in the brain, including Lewy Bodies (1-6). Alpha-synuclein is encoded by the SNCA gene, located on chromosome 4p21, and is processed as a 140 amino acid (aa) protein with a theoretical molecular weight of 14 kDa (1,2,4). Structurally alpha-synuclein consists of a N-terminal binding domain (1-60 aa), a central domain core region called the non-amyloid-beta component (NAC) (61-95 aa), and a C-terminal domain (96-140 aa) (1-3). The N-terminal region contains aa repeats with a KTKEGV consensus sequence that gives the protein its alpha-helical structure that associates with lipid membranes (1-4). The hydrophobic NAC region is responsible for alpha-synuclein aggregation and fibril formation (1-4). The acidic C-terminal tail is largely unstructured but can be targeted for post-translational modifications (1-4). The function of alpha-synuclein is not entirely understood, but it is shown to have a role in suppression of apoptosis, acting as a molecular chaperone, regulating glucose, and modulating calmodulin activity (1,3).

A number of studies have revealed that alpha-synuclein aggregation is a hallmark feature in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, referred to as synucleinopathies (2-4). Alpha-synuclein protein aggregates are a large component of Lewy bodies that are present in Parkinson's disease (PD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and multiple system atrophy (1-6). Research has shown phosphorylation of alpha-synuclein at Ser129 moves the protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and promotes fibril formation associated with synucleinopathies (1,2,5). Recent studies also suggest that alpha-synuclein accumulation can prevent mitochondrial import machinery causing mitochondrial dysfunction that is often observed in neurodegeneration (5). It is thought that preventing alpha-synuclein aggregation may prevent PD, thus alpha-synuclein is a target for many potential therapeutic interventions aimed at decreasing aggregate formation or increasing clearance (1,2,4-6).

References

1. Villar-Pique, A., Lopes da Fonseca, T., & Outeiro, T. F. (2016). Structure, function and toxicity of alpha-synuclein: the Bermuda triangle in synucleinopathies. Journal of neurochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.13249

2. Emamzadeh F. N. (2016). Alpha-synuclein structure, functions, and interactions. Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.4103/1735-1995.181989

3. Burre J. (2015). The Synaptic Function of alpha-Synuclein. Journal of Parkinson's disease. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-150642

4. Lashuel, H. A., Overk, C. R., Oueslati, A., & Masliah, E. (2013). The many faces of alpha-synuclein: from structure and toxicity to therapeutic target. Nature reviews. Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3406

5. Rocha, E. M., De Miranda, B., & Sanders, L. H. (2018). Alpha-synuclein: Pathology, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiology of disease. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2017.04.004

6. O'Leary, E. I., & Lee, J. C. (2019). Interplay between alpha-synuclein amyloid formation and membrane structure. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Proteins and proteomics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.09.012

Alternate Names

NACP, PARK1, PARK4, SNCA, Synuclein-alpha

Gene Symbol

SNCA

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Product Specific Notices

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. This product is guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

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