CD28 Recombinant Protein Antigen
Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # NBP2-57015PEP
Key Product Details
Source
E. coli
Tag
N-terminal His6ABP (ABP = Albumin Binding Protein derived from Streptococcal Protein G)
Conjugate
Unconjugated
Applications
Antibody Competition
Product Specifications
Description
A recombinant protein antigen with a N-terminal His6-ABP tag corresponding to human CD28.
Source: E. coli
Amino Acid Sequence: RSKRSRLLHSDYMNMTPRRPGPTRKHYQPYAPPRDFAAYRS
Fusion Tag: N-terminal His6ABP (ABP = Albumin Binding Protein derived from Streptococcal Protein G)
This product is intended to be used as a blocking antigen for antibody competition assays. Any other use of this antigen is done at the risk of the user. The use of this product for commercial production is strictly prohibited. Please contact technical support if you have any questions.
Purity
>80% by SDS-PAGE and Coomassie blue staining
Predicted Molecular Mass
23 kDa.
Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.
Applications
Antibody Competition (10 - 100 molar excess)
Application Notes
This recombinant antigen is only intended to be used as a blocking agent to confirm antibody specificity with the corresponding antibody, catalog number NBP2-57015.
It is purified by IMAC chromatography, and the expected concentration is greater than 0.5 mg/ml.
For current lot information, including availability, please contact our technical support team click nb-technical@bio-techne.com
For further blocking tide related information and a protocol, click here.
Protein / Peptide Type
Recombinant Protein Antigen
Formulation, Preparation and Storage
NBP2-57015PEP
| Formulation | PBS and 1M Urea, pH 7.4. |
| Preservative | No Preservative |
| Concentration | Please see the vial label for concentration. If unlisted please contact technical services. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage | Store at -20C. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles. |
Background: CD28
CD28 is the prototypical and best-characterized costimulatory molecule on T cells (4). Its signals are critical for optimal naive T cell activation, cytokine production, proliferation, and survival (4). In order to sustain T cell activation, CD28 will consolidate immunological synapse formation, increase cell cycle progression through upregulated D-cyclin expression, and aid in T cell survival by in inducing the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-XL (5). CD28 is constitutively expressed on naive and central memory CD4+ and CD8+ cells (5). CD28 deficiency has a large impact on T cell responses including activation, proliferation, immunoglobulin (Ig) class-switching, and germinal center (GC) formation (6). CD28 is a critical regulator of autoimmune diseases and tolerance to solid organ transplants in human patients (6). The CD28 pathway plays a central role in immune responses against pathogens, autoimmune diseases, and graft rejection (7). CD28 engagement via antibodies augments the proliferation of T cells in response to immobilized anti-CD3 antibodies (8). Additionally, antibody engagement of CD28 can supply costimulation to T cells encountering APCs deficient in costimulatory ligands, such as CD80 and CD86, and prevents the resultant anergic state that otherwise occurs in the absence of costimulatory signaling (8).
References
1. Esensten, J. H., Helou, Y. A., Chopra, G., Weiss, A., & Bluestone, J. A. (2016). CD28 Costimulation: From Mechanism to Therapy. Immunity, 44(5), 973-988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2016.04.020
2. Carreno, B. M., & Collins, M. (2002). The B7 family of ligands and its receptors: new pathways for costimulation and inhibition of immune responses. Annual review of immunology, 20, 29-53. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.091101.091806
3. Ward S. G. (1996). CD28: a signaling perspective. The Biochemical journal, 318 (Pt 2), 361-377. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3180361
4. Zhang, R., Huynh, A., Whitcher, G., Chang, J., Maltzman, J. S., & Turka, L. A. (2013). An obligate cell-intrinsic function for CD28 in Tregs. The Journal of clinical investigation, 123(2), 580-593. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI65013
5. Evans, E. J., Esnouf, R. M., Manso-Sancho, R., Gilbert, R. J., James, J. R., Yu, C., Fennelly, J. A., Vowles, C., Hanke, T., Walse, B., Hunig, T., Sorensen, P., Stuart, D. I., & Davis, S. J. (2005). Crystal structure of a soluble CD28-Fab complex. Nature immunology, 6(3), 271-279. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1170
6. Bour-Jordan, H., & Blueston, J. A. (2002). CD28 function: a balance of costimulatory and regulatory signals. Journal of clinical immunology, 22(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1014256417651
7. Krummel, M. F., & Allison, J. P. (1995). CD28 and CTLA-4 have opposing effects on the response of T cells to stimulation. The Journal of experimental medicine, 182(2), 459-465. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.182.2.459
8. Luhder, F., Huang, Y., Dennehy, K. M., Guntermann, C., Muller, I., Winkler, E., Kerkau, T., Ikemizu, S., Davis, S. J., Hanke, T., & Hunig, T. (2003). Topological requirements and signaling properties of T cell-activating, anti-CD28 antibody superagonists. The Journal of experimental medicine, 197(8), 955-966. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20021024
Alternate Names
CD28
Gene Symbol
CD28
Additional CD28 Products
Product Documents for CD28 Recombinant Protein Antigen
Product Specific Notices for CD28 Recombinant Protein Antigen
This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. This product is guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.
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