HIPPO Signaling Pathway

The Hippo (or SWH) signaling pathway is a key regulator of organ growth and regeneration by limiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The Hippo Signaling Pathway integrates multiple upstream signals, both biochemical (such as GPCRs, TGF-β and EGFR) and biomechanical (such as cell-cell-contact). Pathway activation triggers MST1/2 to phosphorylate and activate LATS 1/2 kinases, which inhibit the activity of the transcriptional coactivator proteins, YAP/TAZ, with resulting down-regulation of cell proliferation. 

At low cell densities, the coactivators YAP/TAZ promote the expression of transcription factors that lead the pathway toward cell proliferation; at higher cell densities, membrane-bound regulators trigger phosphorylation, thereby preventing them from entering the nucleus to induce the pro-growth transcription factors. Mutations of the Hippo protein lead to overgrowth that is similar to the unchecked cell proliferation found in cancer.

Hippo Pathway

 

Bio-Techne offers a number of top quality antibodies for HIPPO signaling pathway proteins, some included in the table below. 

Find Products for HIPPO Signaling Pathway Proteins 

14-3-3γ DACH1 DACH2 DCHS1
FAT1 FAT3 FAT4 FRMD6
KIBRA LATS1 LATS2 MERLIN
MST1 MST2 RUNX2 SAV1
TAZ TEAD3 YAP1  

 

 

Selected References

  1. Buttitta LA, & Edgar BA. (2007) How size is controlled: from Hippos to Yorkies. Nat Cell Biol. 9:1225-7. [PMID:  17975546]
  2. Zeng Q, & Hong W. (2008) The emerging role of the hippo pathway in cell contact inhibition, organ size control, and cancer development in mammals. Cancer Cell. 13:188-92. [PMID: 18328423]
  3. Badouel C, Garg A, & McNeill H. (2009) Herding Hippos: regulating growth in flies and man. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 21:837-43. [PMID: 19846288]
  4. Varelas X, Miller BW, Sopko R, et al. (2010) The Hippo pathway regulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Dev Cell. 18:579-91. [PMID: 20412773]
  5. Bao Y, Hata Y, Ikeda M, & Withanage K. (2011) Mammalian Hippo pathway: from development to cancer and beyond. J Biochem. 149:361-79. [PMID: 21324984]
  6. Zhao B, Tumaneng K, & Guan KL. (2011) The Hippo pathway in organ size control, tissue regeneration and stem cell self-renewal. Nat Cell Biol. 13:877-83. [PMID: 21808241]
  7. Liu W, Wu J, Xiao L, et al. (2012) Regulation of Neuronal Cell Death by c-Abl-Hippo/MST2 Signaling Pathway. PLoS One. 7:e36562. [PMID: 22590567]
  8. Misra, JR & Irvine, KD (2018) The Hippo Signaling Network and Its Biological Functions.  Annu Rev Genet. 52:65-87. [PMID: 30183404]
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