MUP-1: Proteins and Enzymes

Major urinary protein 1 (MUP-1) is a 20 kDa lipocalin family glycoprotein that is secreted by the liver into the circulation and then excreted in the urine of male mice. Its beta-barrel structure with an internal hydrophobic cavity enables MUP-1 to serve as a carrier for a variety of pheromones. In the circulation, MUP-1 promotes energy expenditure, mitochondrial biogenesis, and oxidative function, and it inhibits hepatic glucose production, triglyceride accumulation, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. MUP-1 is downregulated in the liver and circulation of diabetic obese mice.