Prostatic Acid Phosphatase/ACPP: Proteins and Enzymes

ACPP (Acid phosphatase, prostate; also PAP and ACP3) is a 48-52 kDa glycoprotein member of the histidine acid phosphatase family of enzymes. It exists as a 95-100 kDa nondisulfide-linked homodimer that hydrolyzes phosphate esters under low pH to generate free phosphate. ACPP is expressed by prostate epithelium and pain-detecting spinal cord neurons. In the spinal cord, ACPP dephosphorylates AMP. This generates adenosine which acts as a strong analgesic agent.

Mature human ACPP is 354 amino acids (aa) in length (aa 33-386). It contains one histidine phosphatase domain (aa 34-332), plus a nucleophile acceptor site at His44, and a proton donor site at Asp290. There are two potential alternative splice variants. One shows a deletion of aa 153-185, while another is transmembrane (previously called TMPase) and shows a 38 aa substitution for the C-terminal seven amino acids. Over aa 33-379, human ACPP shares 84% aa identity with mouse ACPP.

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