Human PSGL-1/CD162 Alexa Fluor® 405-conjugated Antibody

Human PSGL-1 (P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1; also CD162), is a 120 kDa mucin-type glycoprotein that plays a key role in leukocyte adhesion (1-3). It is synthesized as a 412 amino acid (aa) preproprecursor that contains a 17 aa signal sequence, a 24 aa propeptide, a 279 aa extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane segment and a 71 aa cytoplasmic region (4, 5). Following cleavage of the pre- and prosegments, it is expressed as a 240 kDa disulfide-linked homodimer. The extreme N-terminus (aa 1-16 of the mature molecule) contains one threonine (aa 16) and three tyrosines (aa 5, 7, and 10) that are involved in ligand binding. The Thr residue allows for O-linked glycosylation in the form of a core-2 structure (GalNAc-Gal) linked in a beta1,6 bond to a sialylated Lewis X motif (GlcNAc linked to both Fuc and Gal with a terminal sialic acid residue) (1, 2, 5, 6, 7). The three tyrosine residues allow for sulfation (8, 9). When binding to P-selectin, Tyr sulfation and glycosylation are essential. Tyr7 provides the most efficient sulfate moiety, while Fuc and sialic acid are essentially mandatory (7). When binding to E-selectin, only carbohydrate is needed, while both carbohydrate and Tyr10 are used for L-selectin binding (6, 8). There are 16 decameric aa repeats in the ECD of the longform of PSGL-1. This form is referred to as the A allele, and represents 65 - 80% of the population. Alleles B and C show deletions of decameric repeats #2 (aa 132-141) plus #9 and 10 (aa 222-241), respectively. Shorter forms may show weaker binding to P-selectin (9, 10). Soluble forms of PSGL-1 are also known. Neutrophil elastase will cleave somewhere within repeats #5-9, while cathepsin G cleaves after Tyr7 (11). The loss of Tyr5 and 7 should impact binding affinity. PSGL-1 is found on virtually all leukocytes and macrophages/DC’s (1). Although there is similarity in the organization of the ECD between species, there is little aa identity. Human PSGL-1 ECD shares 51%, 52% and 43% aa sequence identity with equine, canine and mouse ECD, respectively.