Human TLR4 ELISA Kit (Chemiluminescence)
Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # NBP2-76637
Key Product Details
Sample Type & Volume Required Per Well
Serum, plasma and other biological fluids (100 uL)
Sensitivity
37.5 pg/mL
Assay Range
62.5 - 4000 pg/mL
Product Specifications
Assay Type
Sandwich-CLIA
Kit Type
ELISA Kit (Chemiluminescence)
Reactivity
Human
Specificity
This kit recognizes Human TLR4 in samples. No significant cross-reactivity or interference between Human TLR4 and analogues was observed.
Precision
Intra-Assay Precision (Precision within an assay) CV% < 9.32
Inter-Assay Precision (Precision between assays) CV% < 10.75
Recovery for Human TLR4 ELISA Kit (Chemiluminescence)
Recovery
85-116%
Linearity
Scientific Data Images for Human TLR4 ELISA Kit (Chemiluminescence)
ELISA: Human TLR4 ELISA Kit (Chemiluminescence) [NBP2-76637] -
ELISA: Human TLR4 ELISA Kit (Chemiluminescence) [NBP2-76637] - Standard Curve ReferenceKit Contents for Human TLR4 ELISA Kit (Chemiluminescence)
- Biotinylated Detection Ab Diluent
- Concentrated Biotinylated Detection Ab (100x)
- Concentrated HRP Conjugate (100x)
- Concentrated Wash Buffer (25x)
- HRP Conjugate Diluent
- Micro CLIA Plate (Dismountable)
- Plate Sealer
- Product Manual
- Reference Standard
- Sample Diluent
- Substrate Reagent A
- Substrate Reagent B
Preparation and Storage
Shipping
The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Storage of components varies. See protocol for specific instructions.
Background: TLR4
TLR4 signaling occurs through two distinct pathways: The MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88)-dependent pathway and the MyD88-independent (TRIF-dependent, TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-beta) pathway (3, 5-7). The MyD88-dependent pathway occurs mainly at the plasma membrane and involves the binding of MyD88-adaptor-like (MAL) protein followed by a signaling cascade that results in the activation of transcription factors including nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) that promote the secretion of inflammatory molecules and increased phagocytosis (5-7). Conversely, the MyD88-independent pathway occurs after TLR4-MD2 complex internalization in the endosomal compartment. This pathway involves the binding of adapter proteins TRIF and TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM), a signaling activation cascade resulting in IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) translocation into the nucleus, and secretion of interferon-beta (INF-beta) genes and increased phagocytosis (5-7).
Given its expression on immune-related cells and its role in inflammation, TLR4 activation can contribute to various diseases (6-8). For instance, several studies have found that TLR4 activation is associated with neurodegeneration and several central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease (6, 7). Furthermore, TLR4 mutations have been shown to lead to higher rates of infections and increased susceptibility to sepsis (7-8). One potential therapeutic approach aimed at targeting TLR4 and neuroinflammation is polyphenolic compounds which include flavonoids and phenolic acids and alcohols (8).
Alternative names for TLR4 includes 76B357.1, ARMD10, CD284 antigen, CD284, EC 3.2.2.6, homolog of Drosophila toll, hToll, toll like receptor 4 protein, TOLL, toll-like receptor 4.
References
1. Vaure, C., & Liu, Y. (2014). A comparative review of toll-like receptor 4 expression and functionality in different animal species. Frontiers in immunology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00316
2. Park, B. S., & Lee, J. O. (2013). Recognition of lipopolysaccharide pattern by TLR4 complexes. Experimental & molecular medicine. https://doi.org/10.1038/emm.2013.97
3. Krishnan, J., Anwar, M.A., & Choi, S. (2016) TLR4 (Toll-Like Receptor 4). In: Choi S. (eds) Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6438-9_592-1
4. Botos, I., Segal, D. M., & Davies, D. R. (2011). The structural biology of Toll-like receptors. Structure. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2011.02.004
5. Lu, Y. C., Yeh, W. C., & Ohashi, P. S. (2008). LPS/TLR4 signal transduction pathway. Cytokine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2008.01.006
6. Leitner, G. R., Wenzel, T. J., Marshall, N., Gates, E. J., & Klegeris, A. (2019). Targeting toll-like receptor 4 to modulate neuroinflammation in central nervous system disorders. Expert opinion on therapeutic targets. https://doi.org/10.1080/14728222.2019.1676416
7. Molteni, M., Gemma, S., & Rossetti, C. (2016). The Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Infectious and Noninfectious Inflammation. Mediators of inflammation. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6978936
8. Rahimifard, M., Maqbool, F., Moeini-Nodeh, S., Niaz, K., Abdollahi, M., Braidy, N., Nabavi, S. M., & Nabavi, S. F. (2017). Targeting the TLR4 signaling pathway by polyphenols: A novel therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation. Ageing research reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2017.02.004
Long Name
Toll-like Receptor 4
Alternate Names
CD284
Gene Symbol
TLR4
Additional TLR4 Products
Product Documents for Human TLR4 ELISA Kit (Chemiluminescence)
Product Specific Notices for Human TLR4 ELISA Kit (Chemiluminescence)
This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. ELISA Kits are guaranteed for 6 months from date of receipt.
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