Glucagon: Proteins and Enzymes

Glucagon is a pancreatic peptide hormone that plays a critical role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Mature Glucagon is generated from its precursor by the prohormone convertase PC2/PCSK2 in pancreatic alpha-cells. Glucagon is secreted in response to low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) and downregulated in response to high blood glucose (hyperglycemia). Glucagon production is under the control of both hormones and neurotransmitters. Glucagon inhibits Insulin secretion, and vice versa. Glucagon stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, thereby increasing blood glucose. Like insulin, Glucagon is dysregulated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and contributes to its pathology.