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Flavivirus group antigen Antibody (D1-4G2-4-15 (4G2)) - Chimeric - Azide and BSA Free

Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # NBP2-52666

Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody.
Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne

Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Validated:

Virus

Cited:

Human, Virus

Applications

Validated:

CyTOF-ready, ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin, Neutralization, Western Blot

Cited:

Flow Cytometry, IF/IHC, Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin, Western Blot

Label

Unconjugated

Antibody Source

Recombinant Monoclonal Rabbit IgG Kappa Clone # D1-4G2-4-15 (4G2)

Format

Azide and BSA Free

Concentration

1 mg/ml

Product Specifications

Immunogen

This recombinant Flavivirus group antigen Antibody (D1-4G2-4-15 (4G2)) - Chimeric was prepared from Dengue Virus type 2 antigens.

Reactivity Notes

Dengue Virus, Zika Virus, West Nile Virus, Yellow Fever Virus, Flaviviridae

Specificity

This Flavivirus group antigen Antibody (D1-4G2-4-15 (4G2)) - Chimeric recognises flavivirus group specific antigens (Dengue virus, West Nile Virus, Japanese Encephalitis, Yellow Fever Virus, Zika virus etc). It binds to the fusion loop at the extremity of domain II of protein E.

Clonality

Monoclonal

Host

Rabbit

Isotype

IgG Kappa

Scientific Data Images

Flow Cytometry: Flavivirus group antigen Antibody (D1-4G2-4-15 (4G2)) - Chimeric - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-52666]

Flow Cytometry: Flavivirus group antigen Antibody (D1-4G2-4-15 (4G2)) - Chimeric - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-52666]

Flow Cytometry: Flavivirus group antigen Antibody (D1-4G2-4-15 (4G2)) - Chimeric [NBP2-52666] - Left: Uninfected cells. Right: Cells infected with yellow fever 17D virus, MOI=1. Image from verified customer review. Analysis using NBP2-52666F conjugate.
Flow Cytometry: Flavivirus group antigen Antibody (D1-4G2-4-15 (4G2)) - Chimeric - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-52666]

Flow Cytometry: Flavivirus group antigen Antibody (D1-4G2-4-15 (4G2)) - Chimeric - Azide and BSA Free [NBP2-52666]

Flow Cytometry: Flavivirus group antigen Antibody (D1-4G2-4-15 (4G2)) - Chimeric [NBP2-52666] - Left panel: uninfected VeroB4 cells stained with 4G2 antibody at 1:400. Right panel: VeroB4 cells infected with Yellow-Fever 17D-Venus virus, stained with 4G2 antibody at 1:400. The signal from the 4G2 antibody correlates well with the Venus signal from the virus. Image from verified customer review.

Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Flavivirus group antigen Antibody (D1-4G2-4-15 (4G2)) - Chimeric [NBP2-52666] -

Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: Flavivirus group antigen Antibody (D1-4G2-4-15 (4G2)) - Chimeric [NBP2-52666] - Detection of Zika virus. Immunofluorescence images of Vero cells infected with ZIKV after 30h infection as well as controls. Cells were fixed in 4% PFA for 30 min at RT. Primary antibody (Rabbit IgG) staining was performed in 0.3% Triton X-100 at 1:20 dilution overnight at 4C, detected using a Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (1:500) for 1h at RT and counterstained with DAPI.

Applications

Application
Recommended Usage

ELISA

1:100 - 1:2000

Flow Cytometry

1:10 - 1:1000

Western Blot

1:100 - 1:2000
Application Notes
This antibody is CyTOF ready. This chimeric rabbit antibody was made using the variable domain sequences of the original murine IgG2a format, for improved compatibility with existing reagents, assays and techniques. This antibody binds to flavivirus group antigen, protein E. It can be used as an anti-Dengue virus antibody, anti-West Nile virus antibody, anti-Japanese Encephalitis, anti-Yellow Fever Virus or anti-Zika Virus antibody (Aubry et al. 2016) to identify cells infected with these flaviviridae. It binds to the fusion loop at the extremity of domain II of E protein from all four serotypes and prevents syncytia formation (Summers, 1989). The epitope is highly conserved amongst flaviviridae and has been functionally analyzed in detail by Crill and Chang 2004 (PMID: 15564505). Previous studies have used acetone- (Henchal et al. 1982) or methanol-fixed slides (Moreland & Tay, 2010). Please note that binding of this antibody has been reported to be sensitive to reduction and Western Blots should be performed under non-reducing conditions (Lai et al. 2008). A version of 4G2 directly conjugaed to APC was used by Quicke and co-workers (Quicke, 2016) to detect Zika virus in human placental macrophages by flow-cytometry (Quicke 2016). Ramaiah et al. (2016) used NBP2-52709 at a 1:200 dilution to stain for Zika virus in methanol-fixed Vero cells 48 h post-infection.

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Protein A purified

Formulation

PBS

Format

Azide and BSA Free

Preservative

0.02% Proclin 300

Concentration

1 mg/ml

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Store at 4C for up to 3 months. For longer storage, aliquot and store at -20C.

Background: Flavivirus group antigen

Flaviviruses are a group of seventy enveloped, positive-sense single stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Flaviviridae family (1-5). Flaviviruses are typically transmitted through arthropods, like mosquitoes and ticks, and can infect humans causing outbreaks and serious illness or death worldwide (1-5). These well-known viral pathogens include dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Yellow Fever virus (YFV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) (1-5). Flaviviruses consist of ~10.7 kb RNA genome with one open reading frame (ORF) that is flanked by 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) (1, 2, 6). The ORF encodes for a polyprotein that is made up of three structural proteins, the capsid (C), premembrane (prM), and envelope (E) proteins, and seven non-structural (NS) proteins (NS1, NS2A/B, NS3, NS4A, 2K, NS4B, and NS5) (1, 2, 5, 6).

The Flavivirus group antigen antibody binds to the fusion loop at the distal end of domain II (EDII) of protein E. Flavivirus E is a glycoprotein that is the main antigen for membrane fusion between virus and host and entry into the cell, as well as inducing protective immunity by stimulating neutralizing antibodies (2, 4, 6). The E protein is 495 amino acids (aa) in length and has a theoretical molecular weight between 55 - 72 kDa, which varies based on glycosylation sites (2). Flavivirus E protein contains three domains (EDI, EDII, and EDIII) followed by a stem that contents to the helix-transmembrane domains (TMDs, TM1 and TM2) (2, 4, 6). The EDII contains an S-S bridge at its distal end and functions as a fusion loop (FL) for virus-mediated membrane fusion and antibody binding (2). Given the important role of Flavivirus protein E in host cell infection and membrane fusion, it has become a target for flavivirus disease prevention and treatment (2, 5).

Alternative names for Flavivirus group antigen include Envelope Protein and Protein E.

References

1. Ngono, A. E., & Shresta, S. (2018). Immune Response to Dengue and Zika. Annual review of immunology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053142

2. Rey, F. A., Stiasny, K., Vaney, M. C., Dellarole, M., & Heinz, F. X. (2018). The bright and the dark side of human antibody responses to flaviviruses: lessons for vaccine design. EMBO reports. https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.201745302

3. Zhang, X., Jia, R., Shen, H., Wang, M., Yin, Z., & Cheng, A. (2017). Structures and Functions of the Envelope Glycoprotein in Flavivirus Infections. Viruses. https://doi.org/10.3390/v9110338

4. Laureti, M., Narayanan, D., Rodriguez-Andres, J., Fazakerley, J. K., & Kedzierski, L. (2018). Flavivirus Receptors: Diversity, Identity, and Cell Entry. Frontiers in immunology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02180

5. Boldescu, V., Behnam, M., Vasilakis, N., & Klein, C. D. (2017). Broad-spectrum agents for flaviviral infections: dengue, Zika and beyond. Nature reviews. Drug discovery. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2017.33

6. Crill, W. D., & Chang, G. J. (2004). Localization and characterization of flavivirus envelope glycoprotein cross-reactive epitopes. Journal of virology, 78(24), 13975-13986. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.78.24.13975-13986.2004

Alternate Names

Envelope Protein, Protein E

Additional Flavivirus group antigen Products

Product Documents

Certificate of Analysis

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Product Specific Notices

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

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