PD-L1 Antibody (avelumab)

Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # NBP3-28120

Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody
Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne

Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Human

Applications

ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Functional

Label

Unconjugated

Antibody Source

Recombinant Monoclonal Human IgG1 Clone # avelumab

Concentration

LYOPH mg/ml

View all PD-L1/B7-H1 Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

B7-H1 / PD-L1 / CD274

Reactivity Notes

Predicted species reactivity: Mouse, Rat, Cynomolgus, Rabbit, Dog

Clonality

Monoclonal

Host

Human

Isotype

IgG1

Endotoxin Level

< 0.001EU/ug,determined by LAL method.

Description

Expressed from CHO. The heavy chain type is huIgG1, and the light chain type is hulambda. It has a predicted MW of 145.5 kDa.

Also known as 'avelumab'.

Upon receipt, store immediately at -20C or lower for 24 months in a lyophilized state. - 80C for 3 months after reconstitution. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Scientific Data Images for PD-L1 Antibody (avelumab)

PD-L1 Antibody (avelumab)

ELISA: PD-L1 Antibody (avelumab)[NBP3-28120] -

Immobilized human PD-L1 FC at 2 ug/mL can bind PD-L1 Antibody (avelumab), EC50=0.03725 ug/mL.
PD-L1 Antibody (avelumab)

In vivo assay: PD-L1 Antibody (avelumab)[NBP3-28120] -

Avelumab inhibited the tumor growth of MC38 on hLAG3 mice. The result showed significant anti-tumor effects, with an tumor inhibition rate (TGI) of 32.6% at 1 mpk at D28.

Applications for PD-L1 Antibody (avelumab)

Application
Recommended Usage

ELISA

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Flow Cytometry

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Functional

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Protein A purified

Reconstitution

Reconstitute with sterile, distilled water to a final concentration of 1 mg/ml. Gently shake to solubilize completely. Do not vortex.

Formulation

Lyophilized from 25mM histidine, 8% sucrose, 0.01% Tween80 (pH6.2)

Preservative

No Preservative

Concentration

LYOPH mg/ml

Shipping

The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Store at 4C.

Background: PD-L1/B7-H1

Programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1), also known as CD274 and B7-H1, is a 33 kDa type I glycoprotein containing 290 amino acids (aa) belonging to the protein B7 family and serves as part of an immune checkpoint (1,2). PD-L1 contains an Ig-V and Ig-C-like extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail lacking canonical signaling motifs (2,3). PD-L1 is the ligand that binds the receptor programmed-death 1 (PD-1) which is highly expressed on active T cells (1-3). PD-L1 is typically upregulated by tumor cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs), but also expressed on T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells (DC), mast cells, and some non-immune cell types (1-3). In addition to the membrane-bound, PD-L1 is released from cells both in soluble form and bound to extracellular vesicles (4).

PD-L1 binding with receptor PD-1 results in phosphorylation of in the inhibitory tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) domain of PD-1, which leads to recruitment of Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine-phosphatase 2 (SHP-2) and eventual downstream phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and phospholipid inositol-3-kinase (PI3K) (1,3). Under normal conditions, the PD-L1/PD-1 signaling axis helps maintain immune tolerance and prevent destructive immune responses by inhibiting T cell activity such as proliferation, survival, cytokine production, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cytotoxicity (1-3). In the tumor microenvironment (TME), however, the PD-L1/PD-1 signaling axis is hijacked to promote tumor cell survival and limit anti-tumor immune response (1,3). More precisely, tumor cells can escape killing and immune surveillance due to T cell exhaustion and apoptosis (1-3).

Given the role the PD-L1/PD-1 signaling axis plays in tumor cells' ability to evade immune surveillance, it has become a target of several immunotherapeutic agents in recent years (3,5). Antibody immunotherapies that target these inhibitory checkpoint molecules has shown great promise for cancer treatment (3,5). PD-L1 and PD-1 blocking agents have been approved for treatment in a number of cancers including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), urothelial carcinoma, and Merkel-cell carcinoma (3,5). In many cancers the expression of PD-L1 in the TME has predictive value for response to blocking agents (3). Pembrolizumab, for example, is a PD-1 inhibitor that has been approved by the FDA as a second-line therapy for treatment of metastatic NSCLC in patients whose tumors express PD-L1 with a Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) greater than 1%, but also for first-line treatment in cases where patients' tumors expression PD-L1 with a TPS greater than 50%) (5). The most promising cancer immunotherapy treatments seem to point to combination therapy with both anti-cancer drugs (e.g. Gefitibin, Metformin, Etoposide) with PD-L1/PD-1 antibody blockade inhibitors (e.g. Atezolizumab, Nivolumab) (6).

References

1. Han, Y., Liu, D., & Li, L. (2020). PD-1/PD-L1 pathway: current researches in cancer. American journal of cancer research, 10(3), 727-742.

2. Jiang, Y., Chen, M., Nie, H., & Yuan, Y. (2019). PD-1 and PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy: clinical implications and future considerations. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 15(5), 1111-1122. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.1571892

3. Sun, C., Mezzadra, R., & Schumacher, T. N. (2018). Regulation and Function of the PD-L1 Checkpoint. Immunity, 48(3), 434-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2018.03.014

4. Cha, J. H., Chan, L. C., Li, C. W., Hsu, J. L., & Hung, M. C. (2019). Mechanisms Controlling PD-L1 Expression in Cancer. Molecular cell, 76(3), 359-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2019.09.030

5. Tsoukalas, N., Kiakou, M., Tsapakidis, K., Tolia, M., Aravantinou-Fatorou, E., Baxevanos, P., Kyrgias, G., & Theocharis, S. (2019). PD-1 and PD-L1 as immunotherapy targets and biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer. Journal of B.U.ON. : official journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology, 24(3), 883-888.

6. Gou, Q., Dong, C., Xu, H., Khan, B., Jin, J., Liu, Q., Shi, J., & Hou, Y. (2020). PD-L1 degradation pathway and immunotherapy for cancer. Cell death & disease, 11(11), 955. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-020-03140-2

Long Name

Programmed Death Ligand 1

Alternate Names

B7-H1, B7H1, CD274, PDCD1L1, PDCD1LG1, PDL1

Gene Symbol

CD274

UniProt

Q9NZQ7

Additional PD-L1/B7-H1 Products

Product Documents for PD-L1 Antibody (avelumab)

Product Datasheets

Certificate of Analysis

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Product Specific Notices for PD-L1 Antibody (avelumab)

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

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