Recombinant Mouse Galectin-9 Protein, CF

R&D Systems, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # 3535-GA

R&D Systems, part of Bio-Techne
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3535-GA-050
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Key Product Details

Source

E. coli

Accession #

NP_001152773

Conjugate

Unconjugated

Applications

Bioactivity

View all Galectin-9 Proteins and Enzymes »

Product Specifications

Source

E. coli-derived mouse Galectin-9 protein
Ala2-Thr322

Purity

>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.

Endotoxin Level

<1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

N-terminal Sequence Analysis

Ala2

Predicted Molecular Mass

36.4 kDa

SDS-PAGE

36 kDa, reducing conditions

Activity

Measured by the ability of the immobilized protein to support the adhesion of D10.G4.1 mouse helper T cells.
The ED50 for this effect is 0.6-3 μg/mL.

Scientific Data Images for Recombinant Mouse Galectin-9 Protein, CF

Recombinant Mouse Galectin-9 Protein Bioactivity

Recombinant Mouse Galectin-9 Protein Bioactivity

Immobilized Recombinant Mouse Galectin-9 (Catalog # 3535-GA) supports the adhesion of D10.G4.1 mouse helper T cells. The ED50 for this effect is 0.6-3 μg/mL.

Formulation, Preparation and Storage

3535-GA
Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in MOPS, NaCl, EDTA, DTT and Trehalose.
Reconstitution
Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile, deionized water. 

Reconstitution Buffer Available:
Size / Price
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Shipping The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: Galectin-9

Galectins comprise a family of multifunctional carbohydrate-binding proteins with specificity for N-acetyl-lactosamine-containing glycoproteins. At least 14 mammalian Galectins share structural similarities in their carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD), forming three groups: a prototype group (one CRD), a
tandem‑repeat group (two CRDs), and a chimeric group (one CRD, unique N-terminus) (1, 2). Full length Galectin-9 is a widely expressed 39 kDa tandem‑repeat group Galectin that contains two CRDs connected by a linker region (3). Alternate splicing generates an extended, small intestine-specific isoform with a 31 amino acid insertion in the linker region (3). The standard (or short) isoform of mouse Galectin-9 is orthologous to human galectin-9, which is also known as Ecalectin (4). This isoform shares 70% and 85% aa sequence identity with the corresponding regions of human and rat Galectin-9, respectively. Galectin-9 exhibits a wide range of activities including eosinophil chemoattraction (5-7). This activity is destroyed by thrombin-mediated cleavage within the linker region of the long isoform, although the human Ecalectin isoform is resistant to thrombin (8). Galectin-9 binds to carbohydrate moieties of IgE, thereby preventing immune complex formation, mast cell degranulation, and asthmatic and cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions (9). Independent of its lectin properties, Galectin-9 induces the maturation of dendritic cells which promote Th1 polarization (10). Galectin-9 induces cellular apoptosis in part by direct binding to TIM-3 (11, 12). Its interaction with TIM-3 inhibits Th1 cell and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell responses, while also promoting regulatory T cell differentiation and activity (12, 13). Conversely, Galectin-9 is also reported to bind to a non-TIM3 receptor on both Th1 and Th2 cells, promoting both apoptosis and cytokine secretion, suggesting multiple receptors on T helper cells (14). Galectin-9 suppresses tumor cell metastasis by interfering with the associations between hyaluronic acid and CD44 and between VCAM-1 and Integrin alpha4 beta1 (15). Galectin-9, also known as the UAT or urate transporter, can also be expressed as an integral membrane protein in kidney that mediates the cellular efflux of urate (16).

References

  1. Zhu, C. et al. (2011) Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 350:1.
  2. Elola, M.T. et al. (2007) Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 64:1679.
  3. Wada, J. and Y.S. Kanwar (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272:6078.
  4. Matsushita, N. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275:8355.
  5. Matsumoto, R. et al. (2002) J. Immunol. 168:1961.
  6. Chabot, S. et al. (2002) Glycobiology 12:111.
  7. Sato, M. et al. (2002) Glycobiology 12:191.
  8. Nishi, N. et al. (2006) Glycobiology 16:15C.
  9. Niki, T. et al. (2009) J. Biol. Chem. 284:32344.
  10. Dai, S.-Y. et al. (2005) J. Immunol. 175:2974.
  11. Seki, M. et al. (2007) Arthritis Rheum. 56:3968.
  12. Zhu, C. et al. (2005) Nat. Immunol. 6:1245.
  13. Sehrawat, S. et al. (2010) PloS Pathogens 6:e1000882.
  14. Su, E.W. et al. (2011) Glycobiology 21:1258.
  15. Nobumoto, A. et al. (2008) Glycobiology 18:735.
  16. Leal-Pinto, E. et al. (2002) Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 283:F150.

Alternate Names

Ecalectin, GAL9, Galectin9, LGALS9

Entrez Gene IDs

3965 (Human); 16859 (Mouse)

Gene Symbol

LGALS9

UniProt

NP_001152773

Additional Galectin-9 Products

Product Documents for Recombinant Mouse Galectin-9 Protein, CF

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Product Specific Notices for Recombinant Mouse Galectin-9 Protein, CF

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