HIST1H2AC: Proteins and Enzymes

Histones are nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber as they play a critical role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication, and chromosomal stability. The HIST1H2AC gene is found in the large histone gene cluster on chromosome 6 and codes for a histone H2A type 1-c protein that is 130 amino acids long and 14 kDA. This protein lacks polyA tails but obtains palindromic termination elements. H1 proteins are essential in forming chromatin fiber and for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structured fibers. HIST1H2AC is involved in histone modification, telomere maintenance, nucleosome assembly, and signal transduction activin A signaling regulation. It interacts with other genes HIST1H4A, HIST1H4B, HIST1H4C, HIST1H4D, and HIST1H4E. Researchers have investigated its role in various diseases such as x inactivation, immunodeficiency, lupus, hemochromatosis, and riddle syndrome.