Cotton Rat CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antibody

R&D Systems, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # AF1024

R&D Systems, part of Bio-Techne
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AF1024
AF1024-SP
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Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Validated:

Cotton Rat

Cited:

Mouse

Applications

Validated:

Neutralization, Western Blot

Cited:

Immunohistochemistry

Label

Unconjugated

Antibody Source

Polyclonal Goat IgG

View all CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

E. coli-derived recombinant cotton rat CCL4/MIP-1 beta
Ala24-Asn92
Accession # AAL16933

Specificity

Detects cotton rat CCL4/MIP‑1 beta in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs, approximately 25% cross-reactivity with recombinant human MIP-1 beta is observed and less than 2% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse MIP-1 beta is observed.

Clonality

Polyclonal

Host

Goat

Isotype

IgG

Endotoxin Level

<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Scientific Data Images for Cotton Rat CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antibody

Chemotaxis Induced by CCL4/MIP‑1 beta and Neutral-ization by Cotton Rat CCL4/ MIP‑1 beta Antibody.

Chemotaxis Induced by CCL4/MIP‑1 beta and Neutral-ization by Cotton Rat CCL4/ MIP‑1 beta Antibody.

Recombinant Cotton Rat CCL4/MIP-1 beta (Catalog # 1024-MB) chemo-attracts the BaF3 mouse pro-B cell line transfected with mouse CCR5 in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). The amount of cells that migrated through to the lower chemotaxis chamber was measured by Resazurin (Catalog # AR002). Chemotaxis elicited by Recombinant Cotton Rat CCL4/MIP-1 beta (10 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-Cotton Rat CCL4/ MIP-1 beta Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1024). The ND50 is typically 0.15-0.6 µg/mL.

Applications for Cotton Rat CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antibody

Application
Recommended Usage

Western Blot

0.1 µg/mL
Sample: Recombinant Cotton Rat CCL4/MIP-1 beta (Catalog # 1024-MB)

Neutralization

Measured by its ability to neutralize CCL4/MIP-1 beta-induced chemotaxis in the BaF3 mouse pro-B cell line transfected with mouse CCR5. The Neutralization Dose (ND50) is typically 0.15-0.6 µg/mL in the presence of 10 ng/mL Recombinant Cotton Rat CCL4/MIP-1 beta.
Please Note: Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Antigen Affinity-purified

Reconstitution

Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS. For liquid material, refer to CoA for concentration.

Reconstitution Buffer Available:
Size / Price
Qty

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

Shipping

Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: CCL4/MIP-1 beta

CCL4, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1 beta), is a 12 kDa beta chemokine that is secreted at sites of inflammation by activated leukocytes, lymphocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and pulmonary smooth muscle cells (1, 2). CCL4 attracts a variety of immune cells to sites of microbial infection as well as to other pathologic inflammation such as allergic asthma and ischemic myocardium (3 - 8). A CCL4 deficiency in mice promotes the development of autoantibodies, possibly as a result of compromised regulatory T cell recruitment (6). CCL4 is secreted from activated monocytes as a heterodimer with CCL3/MIP-1 alpha (9). The first two N-terminal amino acids (aa) can be cleaved from human CCL4 by CD26/DPPIV (10, 11). Both the full length and truncated forms exert biological activity through CCR5, and the truncated form additionally interacts with CCR1 and CCR2 (10). In humans, the ability of CCL4 to bind CCR5 inhibits the cellular entry of M-tropic HIV-1 which utilizes CCR5 as a coreceptor (2). Both forms of CCL4 block HIV-1 infection of T cells by inducing the downregulation of CCR5 (10). Mature cotton rat CCL4 shares 75% - 83% aa sequence identity with human, mouse, and rat CCL4.

References

  1. Rot, A. and U.H. von Andrian (2004) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 22:891.
  2. Menten, P. et al. (2002) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13:455.
  3. Sun, X. et al. (2006) Infec. Immun. 74:5943.
  4. Bisset, L.R. and P. Schmid-Grendelmeier (2005) Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 11:35.
  5. Frangogiannis, N.G. (2004) Inflamm. Res. 53:585.
  6. Bystry, R.S. et al. (2001) Nat. Immunol. 2:1126.
  7. Oliveira, S.H.P. et al. (2002) J. Leukoc. Biol. 71:1019.
  8. Schall, T.J. et al. (1993) J. Exp. Med. 177:1821.
  9. Guan, E. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:12404.
  10. Guan, E. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:32348.
  11. Guan, E. et al. (2004) J. Cell. Biochem. 92:53.

Alternate Names

Exodus-3, MIP-1 beta, MIP1 beta

Entrez Gene IDs

6351 (Human); 20303 (Mouse); 116637 (Rat); 448786 (Canine); 102117861 (Cynomolgus Monkey)

Gene Symbol

CCL4

UniProt

AAL16933

Additional CCL4/MIP-1 beta Products

Product Documents for Cotton Rat CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antibody

Product Datasheets

Certificate of Analysis

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Note: Certificate of Analysis not available for kit components.

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Product Specific Notices for Cotton Rat CCL4/MIP-1 beta Antibody

For research use only

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