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TLR3 Antibody

Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # NB100-56571

Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne
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NB100-56571
NB100-56571SS

Key Product Details

Validated by

Knockout/Knockdown, Orthogonal Validation, Biological Validation

Species Reactivity

Validated:

Human, Mouse, Porcine

Cited:

Human, Mouse

Predicted:

Rat (91%). Backed by our 100% Guarantee.

Applications

Validated:

Dot Blot, Flow (Cell Surface), Flow (Intracellular), Flow Cytometry, Immunohistochemistry, Immunohistochemistry-Frozen, Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin, Knockdown Validated, Western Blot

Cited:

Cytometric Bead Assay Standard, Flow (Cell Surface), Flow Cytometry, Flow Cytometry Control, Immunohistochemistry-Frozen, Western Blot

Label

Unconjugated

Antibody Source

Polyclonal Rabbit IgG

Concentration

1.0 mg/ml

Product Specifications

Immunogen

A mix of synthetic peptides corresponding to amino acids 135-150 (SIHKIKSNPFKNQKNL), 828-844 (CRRFKVHHAVQQAIEQN), and 876-891 (CILNWPVQKERINAFH) of mouse TLR3.

Reactivity Notes

Predicted to cross-react with Rat. Porcine data from customer review.

Clonality

Polyclonal

Host

Rabbit

Isotype

IgG

Theoretical MW

104 kDa.
Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Scientific Data Images for TLR3 Antibody

Western Blot: TLR3 Antibody [NB100-56571]

Western Blot: TLR3 Antibody [NB100-56571]

Western Blot: TLR3 Antibody [NB100-56571] - Myocardial infarction (MI) increased TLR3 expression and its physical association with Trif in mouse myocardium. Heart samples were taken from infarct area at 4 weeks after MI. (A) and (B) show mRNA and protein levels of TLR3 in sham and MI hearts. n = 4 mice/group. Data are means +/- S.D. AP < 0.01 versus sham. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jcmm.13328) licensed under a CC-BY license.
Immunohistochemistry-Frozen: TLR3 Antibody [NB100-56571]

Immunohistochemistry-Frozen: TLR3 Antibody [NB100-56571]

Immunohistochemistry-Frozen: TLR3 Antibody [NB100-56571] - Frozen mouse eye tissue sections stained with TLR3, a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) marker and DAPI. Top panel: TLR3 (red) colocalized with the RPE (green) marker. Bottom panel: Tissue stained with isotype control (no TLR3 Ab), RPE and DAPI. Data courtesy of Kleinman et al.
Flow Cytometry: TLR3 Antibody [NB100-56571]

Flow Cytometry: TLR3 Antibody [NB100-56571]

Flow Cytometry: TLR3 Antibody [NB100-56571] - Analysis using the FITC conjugate of NB100-56571. Staining of TLR3 in Balb/c mouse splenocytes using this antibody at 1 ug/10^6 cells. Green represents rabbit IgG isotype control this antibody; red represents anti-TLR3 antibody.

Applications for TLR3 Antibody

Application
Recommended Usage

Dot Blot

reported in scientific literature (PMID 27248820)

Flow (Cell Surface)

reported in scientific literature (Pawar et al (2006))

Flow (Intracellular)

1 ug/1 million cells

Flow Cytometry

1 ug/10^6 cells

Immunohistochemistry

1:20-1:1000

Immunohistochemistry-Frozen

1:20-1:1000. Use reported in scientific literature (Pawar et al (2005))

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin

1:100. Use reported in scientific literature (Patole et al (2005))

Western Blot

1-3 ug/ml
Application Notes
Use in Flow (Intracellular) reported in multiple pieces of scientific literature.
Please Note: Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Reviewed Applications

Read 1 review rated 4 using NB100-56571 in the following applications:

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Protein G purified

Formulation

PBS

Preservative

0.05% Sodium Azide

Concentration

1.0 mg/ml

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Store at 4C short term. Aliquot and store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.

Background: TLR3

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that contributes to the innate immune response, recognizing distinct pathogen-associate molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associate molecular patterns (DAMPs) (1,2). The TLR family member TLR3 specifically recognizes and binds double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from viruses and the synthetic analog polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) (1-5). TLR3 is typically expressed in the endosomes of innate immune cells including macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) (1-5). TLR3 is also localized on the cell surface of fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and vascular endothelial cells (1-5). The human TLR3 protein is 904 amino acids (aa) in length with a theoretical molecular weight (MW) of 104 kDa (6). It consists of a 23 aa signal sequence, a horseshoe-shaped 681 aa extracellular domain (ECD) containing 23 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a 21 aa helical transmembrane domain, and a 179 aa cytoplasmic region containing a Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain (1,6). Upon ligand binding, TLR3-ECD dimerizes and the adapter protein TIR-domain-containing adapter inducing interferon-beta (TRIF/TICAM1) is recruited (1-5). TRIF interacts with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) and TRAF6 and results in a signal transduction cascade involving activation of transcription factors interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), IRF7, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and activation protein-1 (AP-1) (1-5). Transcription factors translocate to the nucleus, driving type I interferon (IFN) production, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and tumor regression (1-5). Furthermore, TRIF can also interact with receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1 (RIP1) and RIP3 leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis (1,2,5). Conversely, NF-kappaB transcription can also promote chemokine production and promote the WNT pathway associated with stemness and pro-tumorigenic properties (1,5).

Given the role of TLR3 in immune response, its expression or dysfunction has been associated with a number of pathologies from chronic inflammation to autoimmune disorders and cancer (1-5,7). TLR3 is expressed in many cancer types, often related to viral infection, such as cervical cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), melanoma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer (1,5). TLR3 signaling has a dual role in cancer, either contributing to pro- or anti-tumor properties depending on the type of cancer (1,5). Therapeutic targeting the TLR3 signaling pathway is under investigation. TLR3 inhibitors or antagonists are being studied for the treatment autoimmune and inflammatory disorders such as of sepsis and atherosclerosis (2,8). TLR3 agonists, either alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors or therapeutic agents, are being studied as immunotherapeutic treatments of many cancers such as colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, and melanoma (7).

References

1. Zheng X, Li S, Yang H. Roles of Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Human Tumors. Front Immunol. 2021;12:667454. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.667454

2. Zhuang C, Chen R, Zheng Z, Lu J, Hong C. Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Heart Lung Circ. 2022;S1443-9506(22)00080-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2022.02.012

3. Bianchi F, Pretto S, Tagliabue E, Balsari A, Sfondrini L. Exploiting poly(I:C) to induce cancer cell apoptosis. Cancer Biol Ther. 2017;18(10):747-756. https://doi.org/10.1080/15384047.2017.1373220

4. Matsumoto M, Seya T. TLR3: interferon induction by double-stranded RNA including poly(I:C). Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008;60(7):805-812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2007.11.005

5. Muresan XM, Bouchal J, Culig Z, Soucek K. Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Solid Cancer and Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(11):3227. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113227

6. Uniprot (O15455)

7. Le Naour J, Galluzzi L, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Vacchelli E. Trial watch: TLR3 agonists in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology. 2020;9(1):1771143. https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2020.1771143

8. Gao W, Xiong Y, Li Q, Yang H. Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling as a Promising Therapy for Inflammatory Diseases: A Journey from Molecular to Nano Therapeutics. Front Physiol. 2017;8:508. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00508

Long Name

Toll-like Receptor 3

Alternate Names

CD283

Entrez Gene IDs

7098 (Human); 142980 (Mouse)

Gene Symbol

TLR3

UniProt

Additional TLR3 Products

Product Documents for TLR3 Antibody

Certificate of Analysis

To download a Certificate of Analysis, please enter a lot number in the search box below.

Product Specific Notices for TLR3 Antibody

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

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