TLR3 [p Tyr759] Antibody - BSA Free

Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # NBP2-24904

Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne
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NBP2-24904
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Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Validated:

Human, Mouse, Rat

Cited:

Mouse, Rat

Applications

Validated:

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Immunohistochemistry-Frozen, Western Blot

Cited:

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence, Western Blot

Label

Unconjugated

Antibody Source

Polyclonal Rabbit IgG

Format

BSA Free

Concentration

1.0 mg/ml

View all TLR3 Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

A portion of amino acids 750-800, containing a phosphorylated tyrosine residue at position 759, of human TLR3 was used as the immunogen.

Reactivity Notes

Mouse, Rat reactivity reported in scientific literature (PMID: 24526685).

Modification

p Tyr759

Clonality

Polyclonal

Host

Rabbit

Isotype

IgG

Scientific Data Images for TLR3 [p Tyr759] Antibody - BSA Free

Western Blot: TLR3 [p Tyr759] AntibodyBSA Free [NBP2-24904]

Western Blot: TLR3 [p Tyr759] AntibodyBSA Free [NBP2-24904]

Western Blot: TLR3 [p Tyr759] Antibody [NBP2-24904] - Image from verified customer review.
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TLR3 [p Tyr759] Antibody - BSA Free [NBP2-24904]

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TLR3 [p Tyr759] Antibody - BSA Free [NBP2-24904]

Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TLR3 [p Tyr759] Antibody [NBP2-24904] - Analysis of IgG, AID and TLR3 (A) and a hyper-IgM (HIGM) syndrome patient (B and C). A and B: Paraformaldehyde-fixed, frozen tonsillar mucosa tissue sections. C. Paraformaldehyde-fixed, mucosal B cells from the colon lamina propria of the HIGM patient. Arrowheads indicate cells co-expressing phospho TLR3, AID, and IgG. Data courtesy of W. Xu. et. al., and the Journal of Immunology

Applications for TLR3 [p Tyr759] Antibody - BSA Free

Application
Recommended Usage

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence

1:10 - 1:2000

Immunohistochemistry-Frozen

1:10 - 1:2000

Western Blot

0.1 - 1.0 ug/mL
Please Note: Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Reviewed Applications

Read 1 review rated 5 using NBP2-24904 in the following applications:

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Immunogen affinity purified

Formulation

PBS

Format

BSA Free

Preservative

0.05% Sodium Azide

Concentration

1.0 mg/ml

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Store at 4C short term. Aliquot and store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.

Background: TLR3

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that contributes to the innate immune response, recognizing distinct pathogen-associate molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associate molecular patterns (DAMPs) (1,2). The TLR family member TLR3 specifically recognizes and binds double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from viruses and the synthetic analog polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) (1-5). TLR3 is typically expressed in the endosomes of innate immune cells including macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) (1-5). TLR3 is also localized on the cell surface of fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and vascular endothelial cells (1-5). The human TLR3 protein is 904 amino acids (aa) in length with a theoretical molecular weight (MW) of 104 kDa (6). It consists of a 23 aa signal sequence, a horseshoe-shaped 681 aa extracellular domain (ECD) containing 23 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a 21 aa helical transmembrane domain, and a 179 aa cytoplasmic region containing a Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain (1,6). Upon ligand binding, TLR3-ECD dimerizes and the adapter protein TIR-domain-containing adapter inducing interferon-beta (TRIF/TICAM1) is recruited (1-5). TRIF interacts with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) and TRAF6 and results in a signal transduction cascade involving activation of transcription factors interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), IRF7, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and activation protein-1 (AP-1) (1-5). Transcription factors translocate to the nucleus, driving type I interferon (IFN) production, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and tumor regression (1-5). Furthermore, TRIF can also interact with receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1 (RIP1) and RIP3 leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis (1,2,5). Conversely, NF-kappaB transcription can also promote chemokine production and promote the WNT pathway associated with stemness and pro-tumorigenic properties (1,5).

Given the role of TLR3 in immune response, its expression or dysfunction has been associated with a number of pathologies from chronic inflammation to autoimmune disorders and cancer (1-5,7). TLR3 is expressed in many cancer types, often related to viral infection, such as cervical cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), melanoma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer (1,5). TLR3 signaling has a dual role in cancer, either contributing to pro- or anti-tumor properties depending on the type of cancer (1,5). Therapeutic targeting the TLR3 signaling pathway is under investigation. TLR3 inhibitors or antagonists are being studied for the treatment autoimmune and inflammatory disorders such as of sepsis and atherosclerosis (2,8). TLR3 agonists, either alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors or therapeutic agents, are being studied as immunotherapeutic treatments of many cancers such as colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, and melanoma (7).

References

1. Zheng X, Li S, Yang H. Roles of Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Human Tumors. Front Immunol. 2021;12:667454. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.667454

2. Zhuang C, Chen R, Zheng Z, Lu J, Hong C. Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Heart Lung Circ. 2022;S1443-9506(22)00080-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2022.02.012

3. Bianchi F, Pretto S, Tagliabue E, Balsari A, Sfondrini L. Exploiting poly(I:C) to induce cancer cell apoptosis. Cancer Biol Ther. 2017;18(10):747-756. https://doi.org/10.1080/15384047.2017.1373220

4. Matsumoto M, Seya T. TLR3: interferon induction by double-stranded RNA including poly(I:C). Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008;60(7):805-812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2007.11.005

5. Muresan XM, Bouchal J, Culig Z, Soucek K. Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Solid Cancer and Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(11):3227. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113227

6. Uniprot (O15455)

7. Le Naour J, Galluzzi L, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Vacchelli E. Trial watch: TLR3 agonists in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology. 2020;9(1):1771143. https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2020.1771143

8. Gao W, Xiong Y, Li Q, Yang H. Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling as a Promising Therapy for Inflammatory Diseases: A Journey from Molecular to Nano Therapeutics. Front Physiol. 2017;8:508. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00508

Long Name

Toll-like Receptor 3

Alternate Names

CD283

Gene Symbol

TLR3

Additional TLR3 Products

Product Documents for TLR3 [p Tyr759] Antibody - BSA Free

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Product Specific Notices for TLR3 [p Tyr759] Antibody - BSA Free

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

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