Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence: TLR7 Antibody (4F4) [NBP1-04349] - Analysis in THP-1 cells line, stained with DAPI (Blue) for nucleus staining and monoclonal anti-human TLR7 antibody (1:100) with goat anti-mouse IgG-Alexa fluor 488 conjugate (Green).

Flow Cytometry: TLR7 Antibody (4F4) - BSA Free [NBP1-04349]

Flow Cytometry: TLR7 Antibody (4F4) [NBP1-04349] - Flow cytometry analysis of TLR7 in THP-1 cells. The cell was stained with NBP1-04349 at 2-5ug for 1x106cells (red). A Goat anti mouse IgG (Alexa fluor 488) was used as the secondary antibody. Mouse monoclonal IgG was used as the isotype control (dark gray), cells without incubation with primary and secondary antibody was used as the negative control (light gray).

Applications for TLR7 Antibody (4F4) - BSA Free

Application

Recommended Usage

ELISA

1:100-1:2000

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence

1:100

Please Note: Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Protein G purified

Formulation

PBS (pH 7.4), 10% Glycerol

Format

BSA Free

Preservative

0.02% Sodium Azide

Concentration

1.0 mg/ml

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Store at 4C short term. Aliquot and store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.

Background: TLR7

Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is a type I transmembrane protein expressed on the surface of endosomes and has a role in pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognition and host defense (1-3). TLR7 is primarily expressed in the brain, placenta, spleen, stomach, and lungs (4). TLR7 recognizes microbial single stranded RNA (ssRNA), specifically guanosine and its derivatives (1-3). Human TLR7 cDNA encodes a 1049 amino acid (aa) protein with a theoretical molecular weight (MW) of 120.9 kDa (4). The TLR7 protein consists of a signal sequence, an 813 aa extracellular domain containing leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) which form a horseshoe-like shape, a 21 aa transmembrane domain, and a 189 aa cytoplasmic domain with cytosolic Toll-interleukin-1 receptor homology (TIR) domains (1,2,4). TLR7 and its fellow subfamily members, TLR8 and TLR9, possess a characteristic Z-loop between two LRRs with proteolytic Z-loop processing required for TLR activation (2). Z-loop cleavage in TLR7 allows for guanosine and uridine-rich ssRNA binding to the 1st and 2nd ligand binding site, respectively (2). The TIR domain associates with the adaptor protein myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MyD88) to initiate downstream signaling (1-3,5,6). Following activation by PAMPs, TLR7 dimerizes and bound MyD88 interacts with interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK-4) (1,5). Together the complex recruits IRAK-1 and IRAK-2, which become phosphorylated, and interact with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) (1,5). TRAF6 induces the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and interferon-regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), leading to interferon production and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion associated with immune response (1,5).

While TLRs play an important role in innate immune response, dysfunction in the TLR-MyD88 signaling cascade has also been reported in various autoimmune disorders (5,6). Elevated expression of TLR7 is associated with increased risk of system lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease involving B cell hyperactivity (6,7). Studies involving mouse models has also found that increased TLR7 expression predisposes mice to a lupus-like disease (7). Therapeutics targeting TLR7 have been developed to either enhance or inhibit its activity depending on the circumstance. For example, TLR7 agonists such as imiquimod, resiquimod, and 852A are used to increase TLR7 activity for treatment of cancers and to fight viral infections (7,8). On the other hand, TLR7 antagonists inhibit its activation and have been developed to combat chronic immune stimulation as seen in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases (8).

References

1. Petes C, Odoardi N, Gee K. The Toll for Trafficking: Toll-Like Receptor 7 Delivery to the Endosome. Front Immunol. 2017;8:1075. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01075

2. Maeda K, Akira S. TLR7 Structure: Cut in Z-Loop. Immunity. 2016;45(4):705-707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2016.10.003

3. Krieg AM, Vollmer J. Toll-like receptors 7, 8, and 9: linking innate immunity to autoimmunity. Immunol Rev. 2007;220:251-269. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2007.00572.x

4. Uniprot (Q9NYK1)

5. Zheng C, Chen J, Chu F, Zhu J, Jin T. Inflammatory Role of TLR-MyD88 Signaling in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci. 2020;12:314. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2019.00314

6. Chi H, Li C, Zhao FS, et al. Anti-tumor Activity of Toll-Like Receptor 7 Agonists. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8:304. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00304

7. Fillatreau S, Manfroi B, Dorner T. Toll-like receptor signalling in B cells during systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2021;17(2):98-108. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-020-00544-4

8. Patinote C, Karroum NB, Moarbess G, et al. Agonist and antagonist ligands of toll-like receptors 7 and 8: Ingenious tools for therapeutic purposes. Eur J Med Chem. 2020;193:112238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112238

Long Name

Toll-like Receptor 7

Alternate Names

toll-like receptor 7

Gene Symbol

TLR7

UniProt

NP_057646

Additional TLR7 Products

Product Documents for TLR7 Antibody (4F4) - BSA Free

Product Datasheets

Download Product Datasheets

COA

SDS

Download SDS

Product Specific Notices for TLR7 Antibody (4F4) - BSA Free

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

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Reviews

TLR7 Antibody (4F4) - BSA Free

Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # NBP1-04349

Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Applications

Label

Antibody Source

Format

Concentration

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Product Specifications

Immunogen

Clonality

Host

Isotype

Scientific Data Images for TLR7 Antibody (4F4) - BSA Free

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: TLR7 Antibody (4F4) - BSA Free [NBP1-04349]

Flow Cytometry: TLR7 Antibody (4F4) - BSA Free [NBP1-04349]

Applications for TLR7 Antibody (4F4) - BSA Free

ELISA

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Formulation

Format

Preservative

Concentration

Shipping

Stability & Storage

Background: TLR7

Long Name

Alternate Names

Gene Symbol

UniProt

Additional TLR7 Products

Product Documents for TLR7 Antibody (4F4) - BSA Free

Product Datasheets

COA

Certificate of Analysis

SDS

Product Specific Notices for TLR7 Antibody (4F4) - BSA Free