Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Validated:

Human

Cited:

Human

Applications

Validated:

Immunohistochemistry, Sandwich ELISA

Cited:

IF/IHC

Label

Unconjugated

Antibody Source

Monoclonal Mouse IgG1 Clone # 2C8

Format

BSA Free

Concentration

Concentrations vary lot to lot. See vial label for concentration. If unlisted please contact technical services.

View all TNF-alpha Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

Hybridoma clone has been derived from hybridization of X63-Ag8-653 myeloma cells with spleen cells of Balb/c mice immunized with Human recombinant tumor necrosis factor of alpha type.

Localization

Type 2 membrane protein or soluble form derived from the membrane by proteolytic cleavage.

Specificity

This recognises human TNF-alpha

Clonality

Monoclonal

Host

Mouse

Isotype

IgG1

Applications for TNF-alpha Antibody (2C8) - BSA Free

Application
Recommended Usage

Immunohistochemistry

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Sandwich ELISA

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.
Application Notes
Inhibits biological activity of TNF-alpha.

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Protein A purified

Formulation

PBS (pH 7.4)

Format

BSA Free

Preservative

0.09% Sodium Azide

Concentration

Concentrations vary lot to lot. See vial label for concentration. If unlisted please contact technical services.

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Store at 4C. Do not freeze.

Background: TNF-alpha

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is a pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the TNF superfamily that is secreted by monocytes/macrophages, T cell, and natural killer (NK), among others (1). TNF-alpha is synthesized as a 233 amino acid (aa) transmembrane protein (mTNF-alpha) with a theoretical molecular weight (MW) of 26 kDa (1,2) that forms a homotrimer. mTNF-alpha is cleaved by TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) and released in its 157 aa, 17 kDa soluble form (sTNF-alpha) (1-5). Both mTNF-alpha and sTNF-alpha are capable of binding type 1 TNF receptors (TNFR1), whereas mTNF-alpha predominately binds to TNFR2 (1,2). TNF-alpha binding to its receptors causes receptor recruitment of adaptor proteins, formation of signaling complexes, and downstream signaling cascades (e.g. MAPK, NF-kappaB, and Caspase-8), leading to distinct cellular responses such as survival, proliferation, inflammation, necroptosis, and apoptosis (1-5).

TNF-alpha is critical for normal immune response; however, dysregulation of TNF-alpha production can result in various pathologies (2,4,5). Excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, and TNF-alpha has been implicated in an array of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and psoriasis (2,4,5). Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, including Infliximab, and soluble TNFR have been approved for the treatment of autoimmune and TNF-mediated diseases (5). Additionally, data suggests that TNF inhibitors can be beneficial for treating patients experiencing immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor cancer treatment (6).

References

1. Holbrook J, Lara-Reyna S, Jarosz-Griffiths H, McDermott M. Tumour necrosis factor signalling in health and disease. F1000Res. 2019;8:F1000 Faculty Rev-111. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17023.1

2. Jang DI, Lee AH, Shin HY, et al. The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-alpha) in Autoimmune Disease and Current TNF-alpha Inhibitors in Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(5):2719. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052719

3. Horiuchi T, Mitoma H, Harashima S, Tsukamoto H, Shimoda T. Transmembrane TNF-alpha: structure, function and interaction with anti-TNF agents. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010;49(7):1215-1228. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keq031

4. Webster JD, Vucic D. The Balance of TNF Mediated Pathways Regulates Inflammatory Cell Death Signaling in Healthy and Diseased Tissues. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:365. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.00365

5. Kalliolias GD, Ivashkiv LB. TNF biology, pathogenic mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016; 12(1):49-62. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2015.169

6. Chen AY, Wolchok JD, Bass AR. TNF in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors: friend or foe?. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2021;17(4):213-223. doi:10.1038/s41584-021-00584-4

Long Name

Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha

Alternate Names

Cachetin, DIF, TNF, TNF-A, TNFA, TNFalpha, TNFG1F, TNFSF1A, TNFSF2

Entrez Gene IDs

7124 (Human)

Gene Symbol

TNF

Additional TNF-alpha Products

Product Documents for TNF-alpha Antibody (2C8) - BSA Free

Product Datasheets

Certificate of Analysis

To download a Certificate of Analysis, please enter a lot number in the search box below.

Download SDS

Product Specific Notices for TNF-alpha Antibody (2C8) - BSA Free

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

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