INTENDED USE & DESCRIPTION
For use as quantitative controls for the determination of cytokine concentrations in biological fluids. Concentrations have been assigned using R&D Systems’ Quantikine® kits. Controls are prepared in diluted porcine serum with preservatives. They contain recombinant human cytokines at low, medium and high concentrations. Controls are supplied lyophilized.
STORAGE & STABILITY
Unreconstituted Controls should be stored at 2-8 °C and are stable for at least 6 months from date of receipt. Depending on the analyte of interest, reconstituted controls may be stable when stored at
REAGENT PREPARATION
Reconstitute each vial with the volume of deionized or distilled water indicated on the product datasheet.
PROCEDURE & EXPECTED VALUES
Controls should be assayed in the same manner as unknown specimens.
The acceptable ranges for the analytes in these controls are printed on the product datasheet. Due to possible variations in techniques and methodologies, it is recommended that each laboratory determine its own target range. Laboratories using other test systems should establish their own acceptable ranges as these assays may produce different values.
TECHNICAL HINTS & LIMITATIONS OF THE PROCEDURE
• The ranges were determined using R&D Systems’ Quantikine kits. If expected values are not obtained, verify that the lot numbers on the vials correspond with the lot numbers listed above and the correct volume of deionized or distilled water was used for reconstitution of the controls.
• The results obtained with these controls depend upon several factors associated with methods and instrumentation. Test systems other than those supplied by R&D Systems may result in values that differ from those printed on this product datasheet.
FABP4 (Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4), also known as A-FABP and aP2, is the predominant FABP found in adipocytes and is often used as a marker for adipocyte differentiation. It is also expressed in macrophages, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells. FABP4 is a key mediator of intracellular fatty acid transport and metabolism in adipose tissue. Its expression is regulated by multiple factors including fatty acids, PPAR gamma agonists, and Insulin, and its levels increase with lipolytic stimulation. It can increase the hydrolytic activity of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase and increase the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. FABP4 upregulation in adipocytes and macrophages is associated with the development of Insulin resistance, hypertriacylglycerolaemia, and atherosclerosis. Serum levels of FABP4 are elevated in obesity and metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, HIV-associated lipodystrophy, polycystic ovary syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, and acute ischaemic stroke. FABP4 is also overexpressed in multiple cancer types including ovarian, bladder, glioblastoma, and oral, and it may play a role in tumor progression.
