INTENDED USE & DESCRIPTION
For use as quantitative controls for the determination of cytokine concentrations in biological fluids. Concentrations have been assigned using R&D Systems’ Quantikine® kits. Controls are prepared in diluted porcine serum with preservatives. They contain recombinant human cytokines at low, medium and high concentrations. Controls are supplied lyophilized.
STORAGE & STABILITY
Unreconstituted Controls should be stored at 2-8 °C and are stable for at least 6 months from date of receipt. Depending on the analyte of interest, reconstituted controls may be stable when stored at
REAGENT PREPARATION
Reconstitute each vial with the volume of deionized or distilled water indicated on the product datasheet.
PROCEDURE & EXPECTED VALUES
Controls should be assayed in the same manner as unknown specimens.
The acceptable ranges for the analytes in these controls are printed on the product datasheet. Due to possible variations in techniques and methodologies, it is recommended that each laboratory determine its own target range. Laboratories using other test systems should establish their own acceptable ranges as these assays may produce different values.
TECHNICAL HINTS & LIMITATIONS OF THE PROCEDURE
• The ranges were determined using R&D Systems’ Quantikine kits. If expected values are not obtained, verify that the lot numbers on the vials correspond with the lot numbers listed above and the correct volume of deionized or distilled water was used for reconstitution of the controls.
• The results obtained with these controls depend upon several factors associated with methods and instrumentation. Test systems other than those supplied by R&D Systems may result in values that differ from those printed on this product datasheet.
Folate Receptor 1 (FOLR1), also known as Folate Receptor alpha and Folate Binding Protein (FBP), is a 37-42 kDa protein that mediates the cellular uptake of folic acid and reduced folates. Dietary folates are required for many key metabolic processes including nucleotide and methionine synthesis, the interconversion of glycine and serine, and histidine breakdown. Mature FOLR1 is an N-glycosylated protein that is anchored to the cell surface by a GPI linkage. Human FOLR1 shares 83 percent amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat FOLR1. FOLR1 is predominantly expressed on epithelial cells and is dramatically up-regulated on many carcinomas. It is critically required during early embryogenesis as shown in knockout mice which die in utero with gross morphological defects. FOLR1 is internalized to the endosomal system where it dissociates from its ligand before recycling to the cell surface. A soluble form of FOLR1 can be proteolytically shed from the cell surface into the serum and breast milk.
