INTENDED USE & DESCRIPTION
For use as quantitative controls for the determination of cytokine concentrations in biological fluids. Concentrations have been assigned using R&D Systems’ Quantikine® kits. Controls are prepared in diluted porcine serum with preservatives. They contain recombinant human cytokines at low, medium and high concentrations. Controls are supplied lyophilized.
STORAGE & STABILITY
Unreconstituted Controls should be stored at 2-8 °C and are stable for at least 6 months from date of receipt. Depending on the analyte of interest, reconstituted controls may be stable when stored at
REAGENT PREPARATION
Reconstitute each vial with the volume of deionized or distilled water indicated on the product datasheet.
PROCEDURE & EXPECTED VALUES
Controls should be assayed in the same manner as unknown specimens.
The acceptable ranges for the analytes in these controls are printed on the product datasheet. Due to possible variations in techniques and methodologies, it is recommended that each laboratory determine its own target range. Laboratories using other test systems should establish their own acceptable ranges as these assays may produce different values.
TECHNICAL HINTS & LIMITATIONS OF THE PROCEDURE
• The ranges were determined using R&D Systems’ Quantikine kits. If expected values are not obtained, verify that the lot numbers on the vials correspond with the lot numbers listed above and the correct volume of deionized or distilled water was used for reconstitution of the controls.
• The results obtained with these controls depend upon several factors associated with methods and instrumentation. Test systems other than those supplied by R&D Systems may result in values that differ from those printed on this product datasheet.
The glypicans (GPC) constitute a family of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored, heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Six members of this family have been identified in mammals (GPC1-GPC6). All glypican core proteins contain an N-terminal signal peptide, a large globular cysteine-rich domain (CRD) with 14 invariant cysteine residues, a stalk-like region containing the heparan sulfate attachment sites, and a C-terminal GPI attachment site.
Mutations in Glypican 3 cause a rare disorder in humans, Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome, which is characterized by pre- and postnatal overgrowth of multiple tissues and organs and an increased risk for developing embryonic tumors. These features are also present in the mouse knock-out of Glypican 3 indicating that Glypican 3 regulates cell survival and inhibits cell proliferation during development. Glypican 3 has been implicated in regulating many different signaling pathways including: IGF, FGF, BMP and Wnt. An endoproteolytic processing of Glypican 3 by proprotein convertases is required for the modulation of Wnt signaling. Direct interaction of Glypican 3 with FGF-basic has been observed and is mediated by the heparan sulfate chains.
