INTENDED USE & DESCRIPTION
For use as quantitative controls for the determination of cytokine concentrations in biological fluids. Concentrations have been assigned using R&D Systems’ Quantikine® kits. Controls are prepared in diluted porcine serum with preservatives. They contain recombinant human cytokines at low, medium and high concentrations. Controls are supplied lyophilized.
STORAGE & STABILITY
Unreconstituted Controls should be stored at 2-8 °C and are stable for at least 6 months from date of receipt. Depending on the analyte of interest, reconstituted controls may be stable when stored at
REAGENT PREPARATION
Reconstitute each vial with the volume of deionized or distilled water indicated on the product datasheet.
PROCEDURE & EXPECTED VALUES
Controls should be assayed in the same manner as unknown specimens.
The acceptable ranges for the analytes in these controls are printed on the product datasheet. Due to possible variations in techniques and methodologies, it is recommended that each laboratory determine its own target range. Laboratories using other test systems should establish their own acceptable ranges as these assays may produce different values.
TECHNICAL HINTS & LIMITATIONS OF THE PROCEDURE
• The ranges were determined using R&D Systems’ Quantikine kits. If expected values are not obtained, verify that the lot numbers on the vials correspond with the lot numbers listed above and the correct volume of deionized or distilled water was used for reconstitution of the controls.
• The results obtained with these controls depend upon several factors associated with methods and instrumentation. Test systems other than those supplied by R&D Systems may result in values that differ from those printed on this product datasheet.
Endostatin is a 20 kDa proteolytic fragment of the C-terminal, non-collagenous (NC1) domain of type XVIII Collagen. It was originally identified as a factor produced by murine hemangioendothelioma cells that could specifically inhibit endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Although the molecular signals that trigger the release of Endostatin from type XVIII Collagen are not well understood, multiple proteases have been suggested to be involved in its generation including Cathepsins S, B, L, and V, Elastase, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2, -7, and -9. Endostatin is of particular interest as it has been shown to inhibit the growth of many primary and metastatic tumors. It may also be involved in down-regulating angiogenesis during physiological processes such as wound healing and the establishment of placental circulation. The anti-angiogenic activity of Endostatin is attributable to its ability to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation and suppress VEGF-and FGF basic-induced endothelial cell migration and adhesion. Many of these effects are thought to be mediated by interactions between Endostatin and endothelial cell-expressed Transglutaminase 2, Heparin, and Integrins alpha 5 beta 1 and alpha V beta 3.
