Recombinant Human Pro-EGF (aa 21-1023) Protein

EGF is the prototypic member of a family of growth factors that also includes amphiregulin, betacellulin, epigen, epiregulin, HB-EGF, neuregulins-1 through -6, and TGF-alpha (1). These proteins contain EGF-like domains with three intramolecular disulfide bonds between conserved cysteines (2). EGF family members are synthesized as transmembrane preproproteins with varying numbers of EGF-like domains (3). The extracellular region of human Pro-EGF contains nine LDL R class B repeats and nine EGF-like domains (4). Within this region, human Pro-EGF shares 69% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat Pro-EGF and 82% with canine, feline, and porcine Pro-EGF. Mature epidermal growth factor is derived from the juxtamembrane EGF-like domain. EGF binds ErbB1 and induces the formation of homodimers or heterodimers containing ErbB2 (5). Pro-EGF is most highly expressed in the submaxillary gland and kidney (6). In the kidney, the 160 kDa preproprotein is shed by membrane-associated serine proteases, liberating the extracellular region which is subsequently processed into smaller fragments including the 6 kDa mature EGF (7‑10). The various cleavage products produced in the kidney also are present in urine (9, 11). In the submaxillary gland, however, nearly all EGF is processed intracellularly and stored in secretory vesicles (6, 12). The soluble precursor binds EGF R and induces cellular proliferation, although it is significantly less potent than mature EGF (8, 9). In human thyroid carcinoma cells, a splice variant of Pro-EGF with a deletion in the cytoplasmic domain induces increased proliferative activity relative to wild type Pro-EGF (13).