Recombinant Mouse GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 (aa 47-173) Protein
R&D Systems, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # 2177-GL
Key Product Details
Product Specifications
Source
Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived mouse GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 protein
Thr47-Ser173, with an N-terminal 10-His tag
Thr47-Ser173, with an N-terminal 10-His tag
Purity
>95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
N-terminal Sequence Analysis
His
Predicted Molecular Mass
16 kDa
SDS-PAGE
16-26 kDa, reducing conditions
Activity
Measured by its ability to stimulate mouse T cell proliferation in the presence of anti-CD3.
The ED50 for this effect is 0.02-0.3 µg/mL in the presence of 10 µg/mL of a cross-linking antibody, Mouse Anti-polyHistidine Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB050).
The ED50 for this effect is 0.02-0.3 µg/mL in the presence of 10 µg/mL of a cross-linking antibody, Mouse Anti-polyHistidine Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB050).
Formulation, Preparation and Storage
Carrier Free
What does CF mean?CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
What formulation is right for me?In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
Carrier: 2177-GL
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Carrier Free: 2177-GL/CF
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Background: GITR Ligand/TNFSF18
GITR Ligand, also known as TNFSF18 and TL6, is an approximately 30 kDa type II transmembrane glycoprotein in the TNF superfamily (1). Mouse GITR Ligand consists of a 23 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 19 aa transmembrane segment, and a 131 aa extracellular domain (ECD) (2 ‑ 4). Within the ECD, mouse GITR Ligand shares 56% and 81% aa sequence identity with human and rat GITR Ligand, respectively. GITR Ligand is expressed on antigen presenting cells, CD4-CD8- double negative thymic precursors, vascular endothelial cells, neurons, and in the eye (4 ‑ 11). Its expression is transiently up‑regulated by proinflammatory stimulation (5, 8, 11). The binding of GITR Ligand to GITR on mouse CD25+ Treg cells permits the reactivation of T cells from Treg‑induced suppression, although this does not appear to occur in humans (9, 12 ‑ 14). GITR Ligand binding to GITR additionally provides a costimulatory signal to activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and NK cells (6, 15, 16). This interaction also induces reverse signaling in GITR Ligand expressing dendritic cells to suppress cellular activation through the same pathway induced by the immunosuppressant dexamethasone (17). In the brain, GITR Ligand/GITR interactions enhance NGF‑mediated neurite outgrowth from sympathetic neurons (10).
References
- Azuma, M. (2010) Crit. Rev. Immunol. 30:547.
- Yu, K.Y. et al. (2003) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 310:433.
- Kim, J.D. et al. (2003) Genes Immun. 4:564.
- Tone, M. et al. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100:15059.
- Stephens, G.L. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 173:5008.
- Hanabuchi, S. et al. (2006) Blood 107:3617.
- Kamimura, Y. et al. (2009) J. Immunol. 182:2708.
- Hwang, H. et al. (2010) J. Neurosci. Res. 88:2188.
- Tuyaerts, S. et al. (2007) J. Leukoc. Biol. 82:93.
- O’Keefe, G.W. et al. (2008) Nat. Neurosci. 11:135.
- Kim, B.J. et al. (2004) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45:3170.
- Shimizu, J. et al. (2002) Nat. Immunol. 3:135.
- Ji, H. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 172:5823.
- McHugh, R.S. et al. (2002) Immunity 16:311.
- Kanamaru, F. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 172:7306.
- Ronchetti, S. et al. (2004) Eur. J. Immunol. 34:613.
- Grohmann, U. et al. (2007) Nat. Med. 13:579.
Long Name
Glucocorticoid Induced TNF Receptor Family Related Gene Ligand
Alternate Names
AITRL, GITRL, TNFSF18
Gene Symbol
TNFSF18
UniProt
Additional GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 Products
Product Documents for Recombinant Mouse GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 (aa 47-173) Protein
Product Specific Notices for Recombinant Mouse GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 (aa 47-173) Protein
For research use only
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