Tetrodotoxin

Biological Activity for Tetrodotoxin

Technical Data for Tetrodotoxin

The technical data provided above is for guidance only. For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.

Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.

Solubility for Tetrodotoxin

References for Tetrodotoxin

References are publications that support the biological activity of the product.

• Tozzi A, de Iure A, Di Filippo M, Costa C, Caproni S, Pisani A, Bonsi P, Picconi B, Cupini L, Materazzi S, Geppetti P, Sarchielli P, Calabresi P Critical role of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors in cortical spreading depression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2012;109(46):18985-90. 2012 PMID: 23112192
• Xu P, Cao X, He Y, Zhu L, Yang Y, Saito K, Wang C, Yan X, Hinton A, Zou F, Ding H, Xia Y, Yan C, Shu G, Wu S, Yang B, Feng Y, Clegg D, DeMarchi R, Khan S, Tsai S, DeMayo F, Wu Q, Tong Q, Xu Y Estrogen receptor-alpha in medial amygdala neurons regulates body weight. J Clin Invest, 2015;125(7):2861-76. 2015 PMID: 26098212
• Huang C, Chen Y, Li A, Lu J, Wang H Minocycline, a microglial inhibitor, blocks spinal CCL2-induced heat hyperalgesia and augmentation of glutamatergic transmission in substantia gelatinosa neurons. J Neuroinflammation, 2014;11(0):7. 2014 PMID: 24405660
• Soskis, Michael, Ho, Hsin-Yi, Bloodgood, Brenda L, Robichaux, Michael, Malik, Athar N, Ataman, Bulent, Rubin, Alex A, Zieg, Janine, Zhang, Chao, Shokat, Kevan M, Sharma, Nikhil, Cowan, Christop, Greenberg, Michael A chemical genetic approach reveals distinct EphB signaling mechanisms during brain development. Nat Neurosci, 2012;15(12):1645-54. 2012 PMID: 23143520
• JI Hurtado-Za, B Ramachandr, S Ahmed, R Halder, C Bolleyer, A Awasthi, MA Stahlberg, RJ Wagener, K Anderson, RM Drenan, HA Lester, JM Miwa, JF Staiger, A Fischer, C Dean TRPV1 regulates excitatory innervation of OLM neurons in the hippocampus Nat Commun, 2017;8(0):15878. 2017 PMID: 28722015
• Dhalla A, Yang M, Ning Y, Kahlig K, Krause M, Rajamani S, Belardinelli L Blockade of Na+ channels in pancreatic alpha-cells has antidiabetic effects. Diabetes, 2014;63(10):3545-56. 2014 PMID: 24812428
• Hsu YC, Yu L, Chen HI Blood pressure variations real-time reflect the conditioned fear learning and memory. PLoS ONE, 2012;7(4):e32855. 2012 PMID: 22496737
• Iwabuchi, Sadahiro, Koh, Jin-Youn, Wang, Kai, Ho, K W Davi, Harata, N Charle Minimal Change in the cytoplasmic calcium dynamics in striatal GABAergic neurons of a DYT1 dystonia knock-in mouse model. PLoS ONE, 2013;8(11):e80793. 2013 PMID: 24260480
• Hoestgaard-Jensen K, Dalby N, Krall J, Hammer H, Krogsgaard-Larsen P, Frolund B, Jensen A Probing alpha4betadelta GABAA receptor heterogeneity: differential regional effects of a functionally selective alpha4beta1delta/alpha4beta3delta receptor agonist on tonic and phasic inhibition in rat brain. J Neurosci, 2014;34(49):16256-72. 2014 PMID: 25471566
• Chen, Meng, Wan, Yehong, Ade, Kristen, Ting, Jonathan, Feng, Guoping, Calakos, Nicole Sapap3 deletion anomalously activates short-term endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic plasticity. J Neurosci, 2011;31(26):9563-73. 2011 PMID: 21715621
• Duan L, Bhattacharyya B, Belmadani A, Pan L, Miller R, Kessler J Stem cell derived basal forebrain cholinergic neurons from Alzheimer's disease patients are more susceptible to cell death. Mol Neurodegener, 2014;9(0):3. 2014 PMID: 24401693
• Zhu L, McDavid S, Currie K "Slow" Voltage-Dependent Inactivation of CaV2.2 Calcium Channels Is Modulated by the PKC Activator Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate (PMA). PLoS ONE, 2015;10(7):e0134117. 2015 PMID: 26222492
• Gulbransen BD, Bashashati M, Hirota SA Activation of neuronal P2X7 receptor-pannexin-1 mediates death of enteric neurons during colitis. Nat. Med., 2012;18(4):600-4. 2012 PMID: 22426419
• ME Hofmann, MC Andresen Dynasore blocks evoked release while augmenting spontaneous synaptic transmission from primary visceral afferents PLoS ONE, 2017;12(3):e0174915. 2017 PMID: 28358887
• HS Venkatesh, LT Tam, PJ Woo, J Lennon, S Nagaraja, SM Gillespie, J Ni, DY Duveau, PJ Morris, JJ Zhao, CJ Thomas, M Monje Targeting neuronal activity-regulated neuroligin-3 dependency in high-grade glioma Nature, 2017;549(7673):533-537. 2017 PMID: 28959975
• Kumari, Ranju, Castillo, Catherin, Francesconi, Anna Agonist-dependent signaling by group I metabotropic glutamate receptors is regulated by association with lipid domains. J Biol Chem, 2013;288(44):32004-19. 2013 PMID: 24045944
• Tan YW, Zhang SJ, Hoffmann T, Bading H Increasing levels of wild-type CREB up-regulates several activity-regulated inhibitor of death (AID) genes and promotes neuronal survival. BMC Neurosci, 2012;13(0):48. 2012 PMID: 22607375
• Cheadle L, Biederer T Activity-dependent regulation of dendritic complexity by semaphorin 3A through Farp1. J Neurosci, 2014;34(23):7999-8009. 2014 PMID: 24899721
• McDavid, Sarah, Bauer, Mary Bet, Brindley, Rebecca, Jewell, Mark L, Currie, Kevin P Butanol isomers exert distinct effects on voltage-gated calcium channel currents and thus catecholamine secretion in adrenal chromaffin cells. PLoS ONE, 2014;9(10):e109203. 2014 PMID: 25275439
• Gleitz et al. The protective action of tetrodotoxin and (±)-kavain on anaerobic glycolysis, ATP content and intracellular Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ of anoxic brain vesicles. Neuropharmacology, 1996;35:1743 PMID: 9076753
• Kao Pharmacology of tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin. Fed.Proc., 1972;31:1117 PMID: 5032475
• Kao Structure-activity relations of tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin, and analogues. Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci., 1986;479:52 PMID: 2434008