DUOX1: Proteins and Enzymes

The DUOX1 gene encodes a glycoprotein dual oxidase 1 protein with an isoform 1 of 1,551 amino acids long at 177 kDA and an isoform 2 at 1,197 amino acids long at 137 kDA. This protein is called a dual oxidase because it obtains a peroxidase homology domain and a gp91phox domain. DUOX1 generates hydrogen peroxide which is essential for thyroid peroxidase/TPO and lactoperoxidase/LPO, as well as lactoperoxidase-mediated antimicrobial defense. DUOX1 interacts with genes TXNDC11 and TPO and has been investigated for its role in various diseases such as thyroiditis, lung cancer, alcoholism, carcinoma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypothyroidism, hepatitis, prostatitis, and chronic granulomatous disease.