Glutathione Peroxidase 1/GPX1: Proteins and Enzymes

Glutathione Peroxidase 1 (GPX1), also known as Cellular Glutathione Peroxidase, is a 201 amino acid , 23 kDa member of the glutathione peroxidase antioxidant enzyme family. The Glutathione Peroxidase family protects cell surfaces, extracellular fluid components, and enzymes from oxidative stress by catalysing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides, and organic hydroperoxide using reduced glutathione. GPX1 is a 92 kDa homotetramer consisting of four identical 23 kDa subunits, each containing a selenocysteine residue at the active site. GPX1 is an important antioxidant enzyme and protects red blood cells and other cells from oxidative damage. Deficiencies in red cell GPX1 have been associated with hemolytic anemia. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.