PFKFB2: Proteins and Enzymes

Phosphofructokinases (PFK) are regulatory glycolytic enzymes that convert fructose 6-phosphate and ATP into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (through PFK-1), fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (through PFK-2) and ADP. Human PFK-1 is tetrameric and isoenzymes include, PFK-1 muscle (PFKM, PFK-A), PFK-1 liver (PFKL, PFK-B) and PFK-1 platelet (PFKP, PFK-C, PFKF). PFK-1 is inhibited by ATP and citrate (from the tricarboxylic acid cycle). PFK-1 undergoes activation in the presence of elevated AMP. The most potent activator is fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, which is produced by PFK-2 from the same substrate, fructose 6-phosphate. PFK-2 is bifunctional and a key regulator for PFK-1. PFK-2 catalyzes the synthesis of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and contains fructose 2,6-biphosphatase activity that catalyzes the degradation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. PFK-2 is dimeric and isoenzymes include PFK-2 liver (PFKFB1, PFRX), PFK-2 cardiac (PFKFB2), PFK-2 placental (PFKFB3, inducible PFK-2) and PFK-2 testis (PFKFB4).