VIP: Proteins and Enzymes

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a 28 amino acid peptide that exerts wide-ranging effects in embryonic and adult tissues through interactions with the 7-transmembrane spanning receptors VIP R1 and VIP R2. The VIP proprotein is proteolytically processed to release bioactive VIP as well as the bioactive peptides PHV and PHM. VIP regulates appetite and feeding behavior and stimulates insulin and glucagon secretion in pancreatic islet cells. It also regulates astrocyte function, multiple aspects of cardiac function, and TLR function in innate immune responses.