Human PBMC lymphocytes were stained with Rabbit Anti-Human CD59 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB1987, filled histogram) or isotype control antibody (Catalog # MAB1050, open histogram) followed by anti-Rabbit IgG PE-conjugated secondary antibody (Catalog # F0110). View our protocol for Staining Membrane-associated Proteins.

Applications for Human CD59 Antibody

Application

Recommended Usage

CyTOF-ready

Ready to be labeled using established conjugation methods. No BSA or other carrier proteins that could interfere with conjugation.

Flow Cytometry

0.25 µg/10⁶ cells
Sample: Human PBMC lymphocytes

Please Note: Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Protein A or G purified from cell culture supernatant

Reconstitution

Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS. For liquid material, refer to CoA for concentration.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

Shipping

Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: CD59

CD59, also known as membrane attack complex inhibition factor (MACIF) and Protectin, is an approximately 20 kDa GPI‑anchored glycoprotein that is an important regulator of the complement system in blood. The complement system triggers innate immune responses to immune complexes, MBL‑opsonized microorganisms, and apoptotic cells through the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways. One major consequence of complement activation is the assembly of a membrane attack complex (MAC) composed of one molecule each of complement proteins C5b, C6, C7, and C8 (C5b‑8) followed by the incorporation of multiple copies of C9 (C5b‑9). Membrane insertion of the MAC results in formation of a cytolytic pore in the target cell (1). CD59, which is widely expressed on healthy cells, binds to both C8 and C9 and shields them from complement‑mediated lysis. It inhibits MAC pore formation by blocking C5b‑8 complex membrane insertion and the incorporation of C9 molecules (2‑4). The binding of CD59 to C8 and C9 is species‑selective, and this contributes to the restricted ability of MACs to lyse cells of other species (5). The cytoprotective function of CD59 plays a variety of roles in pathology. It limits tissue damage and inflammation following ischemia/reperfusion injury (6, 7). It also protects against the development of atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysms (8, 9). Its protectiveness can be inactivated by diabetes‑induced glycation, leading to increased MAC deposition and hemolytic anemia (10). In contrast, CD59 can be exploited to promote red cell lysis; it functions as a cellular receptor for the bacterial pore‑forming toxin Intermedilysin (11). CD59 can be incorporated into several enveloped viruses such as hepatitis C virus where it limits the destruction of virus particles (12). Aside from its complement regulatory functions, CD59 limits the activation of T cells following their interaction with antigen presenting cells (13), but it promotes NK cell activation through association with NKp30 and NKp46 (14). In mouse, gene duplication has given rise to two related proteins, CD59a and CD59b. Mature human CD59 shares 37%, 43%, and 44% amino acid sequence identity with mouse CD59a, mouse CD59b, and rat CD59, respectively (15).

References

Ricklin, D. et al. (2010) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 11:785.
Farkas, I. et al. (2002) J. Physiol. 539:537.
Meri, S. et al. (1990) Immunology 71:1.
Rollins, S.A. and P.J. Sims (1990) J. Immunol. 144:3478.
Rollins, S.A. et al. (1991) J. Immunol. 146:2345.
Turnberg, D. et al. (2004) Am. J. Physiol. 165:825.
Zhang, J. et al. (2011) Am. J. Pathol. 179:2876.
Wu, G. et al. (2009) Circ. Res. 104:550.
Wu, G. et al. (2010) Circulation 121:1338.
Acosta, J. et al. (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:5450.
Giddings, K.S. et al. (2004) Nat. Str. Mol. Biol. 11:1173.
Amet, T. et al. (2012) Hepatology 55:354.
Xie, X.-H. et al. (2012) Cell. Immunol. 274:1.
Marcenaro, E. et al. (2003) Eur. J. Immunol. 33:3367.
Sugita, Y. et al. (1989) J. Biochem. 106:555.

Alternate Names

CD59, HRF20, MACIF, MIC11, Protectin

Entrez Gene IDs

966 (Human)

Gene Symbol

CD59

UniProt

P13987

Additional CD59 Products

Product Documents for Human CD59 Antibody

Product Datasheets

Download Product Datasheets

COA

SDS

Download SDS

Product Specific Notices for Human CD59 Antibody

For research use only

Citations
Reviews

Calculators
Flow Cytometry

Human CD59 Antibody

R&D Systems, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # MAB1987

Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Applications

Label

Antibody Source

View all CD59 Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

Specificity

Clonality

Host

Isotype

Scientific Data Images for Human CD59 Antibody

Detection of CD59 in Human PBMC lymphocytes by Flow Cytometry.