LAG-3 Antibody (11E3) [DyLight 594]

Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # NBP1-97662DL594

Novus Biologicals, part of Bio-Techne

Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Validated:

Human, Monkey

Applications

ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Immunohistochemistry-Frozen, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot

Label

DyLight 594 (Excitation = 593 nm, Emission = 618 nm)

Antibody Source

Monoclonal Mouse IgG1 Clone # 11E3

Concentration

Please see the vial label for concentration. If unlisted please contact technical services.

View all LAG-3 Antibodies »

Product Summary for LAG-3 Antibody (11E3) [DyLight 594]

Immunogen

This LAG-3 Antibody (11E3) was prepared from recombinant human LAG-3 (lymphocyte activation gene-3).

Specificity

LAG-3 Antibody (11E3) recognizes the first N-terminal D1 domain of human and monkey LAG-3.

Clonality

Monoclonal

Host

Mouse

Isotype

IgG1

Theoretical MW

57.5 kDa.
Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors.

Applications for LAG-3 Antibody (11E3) [DyLight 594]

Application
Recommended Usage

ELISA

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Flow Cytometry

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Immunohistochemistry

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Immunohistochemistry-Frozen

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Immunoprecipitation

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Western Blot

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.
Application Notes
Optimal dilution of this antibody should be experimentally determined.
Please Note: Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Protein G purified

Formulation

50mM Sodium Borate

Preservative

0.05% Sodium Azide

Concentration

Please see the vial label for concentration. If unlisted please contact technical services.

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Store at 4C in the dark.

Background: LAG-3

Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), also referred to as CD233, is a type I transmembrane protein with a theoretical molecular weight of 70 kDa that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) (1, 2). Human LAG-3 cDNA encodes 525 amino acids (aa) that includes a 28 aa signal sequence, a 422 aa extracellular domain (ECD) with four Ig-like domains (D1-D4), a transmembrane region and a highly charged cytoplasmic region. Within the ECD, human LAG-3 shares 70%, 67%, 76%, and 73% aa sequence identity with mouse, rat, porcine, and bovine LAG-3, respectively. The extracellular region of LAG-3 and the CD4 co-receptor share ~20% aa sequence homology but are structurally similar and both bind to major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), although LAG-3 has much higher affinity (1, 3). LAG-3 is highly expressed in the lymph node, spleen, ovary, and appendix while expressed at a lower level in a variety of other tissues. More specifically, LAG-3 is expressed on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, natural killer (NK) cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs), but not on naive, or resting, T cells (1, 3).

As mentioned above, LAG-3 binds to MHCII and this occurs via a proline-rich amino acid loop in D1 (1, 3). Another unique feature of LAG-3 is the longer connecting peptide region between the D4 and the transmembrane, which is acted upon and cleaved by metalloproteinases a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain (ADAM) 10 and ADAM17 to generate a soluble 54 kDa form of LAG-3 (sLAG-3) (1, 3). The interaction of LAG-3 with MHCII prevents the MHC molecule from binding to a T-cell receptor (TCR) or CD4, thereby functioning in an inhibitory role and suppressing the TCR signal (4). When LAG-3 crosslinks with the TCR/CD3 complex, it causes reduced T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion (4). This negative regulation is important in controlling autoimmunity as one study found Lag3-/- NOD (non-obese diabetic) mice had accelerated diabetes onset and increased T-cell infiltration into islet cells (5). On the other hand, besides being a negative regulator of T-cells, LAG-3 binding to MHCII molecules on APCs induces dendritic cell maturation and cytokine secretion by monocytes (5, 6). In addition to MHCII, other reported ligands for LAG-3 includes fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1), liver endothelial cell lectin (lSECtin), galectin-3 (Gal-3), and alpha-synuclein fibrils (1). Gal-3, for instance, is expressed on stromal cells and CD8+ T-cells in the tumor microenvironment and the interaction with LAG-3 was shown to be crucial for the suppression of secreted cytokine IFN-gamma and may control anti-tumor immune responses (1, 5). Interestingly, a mouse model of Parkinson's disease revealed LAG-3 binding to alpha-synuclein fibrils in the central nervous system, contributing to its pathogenesis (1, 5).

Recent cancer immunotherapeutic approaches have focused on inhibitory receptors such as LAG-3 to revive expression of cytotoxic T-cells to attack tumors (6). LAG-3 has been shown to be co-expressed and have synergy with another immune-checkpoint molecule called programmed-death 1 (PD-1) (1, 4, 5, 6). In a mouse model of colon adenocarcinoma LAG3 blockade alone was largely ineffective, however co-blockade of LAG-3 and PD-1 limited tumor growth and resulted in tumor clearance in 80% of mice, compared to 40% with PD-1 blockade alone (5). Additionally, in a model of fibrosarcoma the LAG-3/PD-1 duel blockade increased survival and the percentage of tumor-free mice (5). Analysis of a variety of human tumor samples (e.g. melanoma, colon cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) also suggest that LAG3 alone and combinatorial treatment with PD-1 may be a good target for treatment (1, 3-6). To date there are over 10 different agents targeting LAG-3 in clinical trials for cancer either as an anti-LAG-3 blocking antibody monotherapy or as a combination antagonist bispecific antibody, primarily with PD-1 (1, 3-6).

Alternative names for LAG-3 includes 17b4 lag3, 17b4 neutralizing, 17b4, CD223, FDC, LAG-3 17b4, LAG-3 blocking, and LAG3.

References

1. Maruhashi, T., Sugiura, D., Okazaki, I. M., & Okazaki, T. (2020). LAG-3: from molecular functions to clinical applications. Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer, 8(2), e001014. https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-001014

2. Triebel, F., Jitsukawa, S., Baixeras, E., Roman-Roman, S., Genevee, C., Viegas-Pequignot, E., & Hercend, T. (1990). LAG-3, a novel lymphocyte activation gene closely related to CD4. The Journal of experimental medicine, 171(5), 1393-1405. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.171.5.1393

3. Ruffo, E., Wu, R. C., Bruno, T. C., Workman, C. J., & Vignali, D. (2019). Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3): The next immune checkpoint receptor. Seminars in immunology, 42, 101305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2019.101305

4. Long, L., Zhang, X., Chen, F., Pan, Q., Phiphatwatchara, P., Zeng, Y., & Chen, H. (2018). The promising immune checkpoint LAG-3: from tumor microenvironment to cancer immunotherapy. Genes & cancer, 9(5-6), 176-189.

5. Andrews, L. P., Marciscano, A. E., Drake, C. G., & Vignali, D. A. (2017). LAG3 (CD223) as a cancer immunotherapy target. Immunological reviews, 276(1), 80-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.12519

6. Goldberg, M. V., & Drake, C. G. (2011). LAG-3 in Cancer Immunotherapy. Current topics in microbiology and immunology, 344, 269-278. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2010_114

Long Name

Lymphocyte-activation Gene 3

Alternate Names

CD223, LAG3

Gene Symbol

LAG3

Additional LAG-3 Products

Product Documents for LAG-3 Antibody (11E3) [DyLight 594]

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Certificate of Analysis

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Product Specific Notices for LAG-3 Antibody (11E3) [DyLight 594]



DyLight (R) is a trademark of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and its subsidiaries.

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

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