Recombinant Human GDF-15 (E. coli-expressed) Protein, CF

R&D Systems, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # 9279-GD

R&D Systems, part of Bio-Techne
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Key Product Details

Source

E. coli

Accession #

Q99988

Structure / Form

Disulfide-linked homodimer

Conjugate

Unconjugated

Applications

Bioactivity

View all GDF-15 Proteins and Enzymes »

Product Specifications

Source

E. coli-derived human GDF-15 protein
Ala197-Ile308

Purity

>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.

Endotoxin Level

<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

N-terminal Sequence Analysis

Ala197

Predicted Molecular Mass

12 kDa

SDS-PAGE

12 kDa, reducing conditions

Activity

Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA.
Recombinant Human GDF-15 (Catalog # 9279-GD) binds to Recombinant Human GFR alpha-like Fc Chimera (Catalog # 9697-GR) with an ED50 of 0.0500-0.500 ng/mL.

Reviewed Applications

Read 2 reviews rated 4.5 using 9279-GD in the following applications:

Scientific Data Images for Recombinant Human GDF-15 (E. coli-expressed) Protein, CF

Recombinant Human GDF‑15 Protein Binding Activity.

In a functional ELISA, Recombinant Human GDF-15 (Catalog # 9279-GD) binds to Recombinant Human GFR alpha-like Fc Chimera (9697-GR) with an ED50 of 0.0500-0.500 ng/mL.
Recombinant Human GDF-15 (E. coli-expressed) Protein Bioactivity

Recombinant Human GDF-15 (E. coli-expressed) Protein Bioactivity

Recombinant Human GDF-15 (Catalog # 9270-GD) activates SRE-SEAP reporter in HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells transfected with human c-Ret and human GFRAL.

Formulation, Preparation and Storage

9279-GD
Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in HCl.
Reconstitution
Reconstitute at 250 μg/mL in 4 mM HCl.

Reconstitution Buffer Available:
Size / Price
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Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: GDF-15

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15), also called Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine 1 (MIC-1), Placental Transforming Growth Factor beta, Prostate-derived Factor, and Placental Bone Morphogenetic Protein, is a divergent member of the TGF-beta superfamily (1, 2). Human GDF-15 shares 66% and 68% amino acid sequence identity with the rat and mouse proteins, respectively (3). GDF-15 is highly expressed in placenta and brain, and it is expressed at lower levels in kidney, pancreas, prostate, and colon. Similar to other TGF-beta family proteins, the GDF-15 proprotein is cleaved at a dibasic cleavage site (RxxR) to release the mature protein (4). The C-terminal domain of GDF-15 contains seven characteristic conserved cysteine residues necessary for the formation of the cysteine knot and the single interchain disulfide bond (5). Biologically active GDF-15 is a disulfide-linked homodimer of the mature protein and signals through the heterodimeric receptor composed of TGF-beta RI/ALK-5 and TGF-beta RII (6). GDF-15 has been shown to have various functions, including inhibition of TNF-alpha production from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages and the induction of cartilage formation (1, 5). GDF-15 also promotes neuronal survival, and hypothalamic expression of GDF-15 causes appetite suppression via modulation of Neuropeptide Y and Pro-opiomelanocortin levels (7-9). GDF-15 is cardioprotective via inhibition of platelet activation, limiting atherosclerosis, inhibiting CXCL1-induced neutrophil adhesion, regulating angiogenesis, and inhibiting norepinephrine-induced mycardial hypertrophy (6, 10-15).

References

  1. Bootcov, M.R. et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:11514.
  2. Unsicker, K. et al. (2013) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 24:373.
  3. Bottner, M. et al. (1999) Gene 237:105.
  4. Fairlie, W.D. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:16911.
  5. Paralkar, V.M. et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273:13760.
  6. Artz, A. et al. (2016) Blood 128:529.
  7. Johnen, H. et al. (2007) Nat. Med. 13:1333.
  8. Strelau, J. et al. (2000) J. Neurosci. 20:8597.
  9. Strelau, J. et al. (2009) J. Neurosci. 29:13640.
  10. Whitson, R.J. et al. (2013) J. Cell. Biochem. 114:1424.
  11. Rossaint, J. et al. (2013) J. Thromb. Haemost. 11:335.
  12. Song, H. et al. (2012) Mol. Biol. Rep. 39:4017.
  13. Preusch, M.R. et al. (2013) Eur. J. Med. Res. 18:19.
  14. Kempf, T. et al. (2011) Nat. Med. 17:581.
  15. Xu, X.-Y. et al. (2014) J. Biol. Chem. 289:10084.

Long Name

Growth Differentiation Factor 15

Alternate Names

GDF15, MIC-1, NAG-1, PDF, PLAB, PTGF-beta

Entrez Gene IDs

9518 (Human); 23886 (Mouse); 29455 (Rat)

Gene Symbol

GDF15

UniProt

Q99988

Additional GDF-15 Products

Product Documents for Recombinant Human GDF-15 (E. coli-expressed) Protein, CF

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Product Specific Notices for Recombinant Human GDF-15 (E. coli-expressed) Protein, CF

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