SARS-CoV-1/2 Spike RBD Llamabody Antibody

R&D Systems, part of Bio-Techne | Catalog # LMAB10541

Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody.
R&D Systems, part of Bio-Techne
Discontinued Product
LMAB10541 has been discontinued. An alternative/replacement product is available: LMAB10869. View all Spike RBD products.

Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

SARS-CoV-1/2

Applications

Blockade of Receptor-ligand Interaction, ELISA

Label

Unconjugated

Antibody Source

Recombinant Monoclonal Human IgG1 Clone # VHH72

View all Spike RBD Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

Recombinant Llama VHH sequence based on VHH72 in Wrapp, D. et al. (2020) Cell 181: 1004. Bivalent Llama VHH-Human IgG1 Fusion Antibody.
Accession # YP_009724390

Specificity

Detects Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) in direct ELISA. In direct ELISA, no cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S2 is observed. VHH72 binding to SARS-CoV-1 RBD and SARS-CoV-2 has been reported in Wrapp, D. et al. (2020) Cell 181: 1004.

Clonality

Monoclonal

Host

Human

Isotype

IgG1

Endotoxin Level

<1.0 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Scientific Data Images for SARS-CoV-1/2 Spike RBD Llamabody Antibody

Specificity of Anti-SARS-CoV-1/2 Spike RBD (Clone VHH72) Llamabody in Direct ELISA.

A panel of SAR-CoV-2 Spike and RBD proteins were coated at 2 μg/mL in 96-well polystyrene plates. Anti-SARS-CoV-1/2 RBD (Clone VHH72) Llamabody (Catalog # LMAB10541, 7.81 ng/mL) detected SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 and SARS CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD. Anti-SARS RBD Clone CR3022 was included as a positive control for detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 and SARS CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD. No cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S2 was detected.
SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD Binding to ACE-2-transfected HEK293 Human Cell Line is Blocked by SARS-Cov-1/2 Spike RBD Llamabody.

SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD Binding to ACE-2-transfected HEK293 Human Cell Line is Blocked by SARS-Cov-1/2 Spike RBD Llamabody.

In a functional flow cytometry test, His-tagged recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD (50 ng/mL, 10534-CV) binds to HEK293 human embryonic kidney cell line transfected with human ACE-2 (black dotted line). Binding is completely blocked (orange histogram) by 25 µg/mL of Anti-SARS CoV-1/2 S1 RBD Llamabody (Catalog # LMAB10541). Mouse anti-Human DC-SIGN Monoclonal Antibody (MAB161) at 25 µg/mL was used as an irrelevant control (blue line). Cells were stained with Allophycocyanin-conjugated Mouse anti-His tag Monoclonal Antibody (IC050A).

Applications for SARS-CoV-1/2 Spike RBD Llamabody Antibody

Application
Recommended Usage

Blockade of Receptor-ligand Interaction

In a functional flow cytometry test, 25 µg/mL of Anti-SARS CoV-1/2 Spike RBD Llamabody blocks the binding of His-tagged recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD (50 ng/mL, Catalog # 10534-CV) to HEK293 human embryonic kidney cell line transfected with human ACE-2.

ELISA

Detects SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 and SARS CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD in direct ELISA.

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Protein A or G purified from cell culture supernatant

Reconstitution

Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS. For liquid material, refer to CoA for concentration.

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

Shipping

Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: Spike RBD

SARS-CoV-2, which causes the global pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), belongs to a family of viruses known as coronaviruses that are commonly comprised of four structural proteins: Spike protein(S), Envelope protein (E), Membrane protein (M), and Nucleocapsid protein (N) (1). SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein (S Protein) is a glycoprotein that mediates membrane fusion and viral entry. The S protein is homotrimeric, with each ~180-kDa monomer consisting of two subunits, S1 and S2 (2). In SARS-CoV-2, as with most coronaviruses, proteolytic cleavage of the S protein into two distinct peptides, S1 and S2 subunits, is required for activation. The S1 subunit is focused on attachment of the protein to the host receptor while the S2 subunit is involved with cell fusion (3-5). Based on structural biology studies, the receptor binding domain (RBD), located in the C-terminal region of S1, can be oriented either in the up/standing or down/lying state (6). The standing state is associated with higher pathogenicity and both SARS-CoV-1 and MERS can access this state due to the flexibility in their respective RBDs. A similar two-state structure and flexibility is found in the SARS-CoV-2 RBD (7). Based on amino acid (aa) sequence homology, the SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit RBD has 73% identity with the RBD of the SARS-CoV-1 S1 RBD, but only 22% homology with the MERS S1 RBD. The low aa sequence homology is consistent with the finding that SARS and MERS bind different cellular receptors (8). The S Protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, like the SARS-CoV-1 counterpart, binds Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), but with much higher affinity and faster binding kinetics (9). Before binding to the ACE2 receptor, structural analysis of the S1 trimer shows that only one of the three RBD domains in the trimeric structure is in the "up" conformation. This is an unstable and transient state that passes between trimeric subunits but is nevertheless an exposed state to be targeted for neutralizing antibody therapy (10). Polyclonal antibodies to the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 protein have been shown to inhibit interaction with the ACE2 receptor, confirming RBD as an attractive target for vaccinations or antiviral therapy (11). There is also promising work showing that the RBD may be used to detect presence of neutralizing antibodies present in a patient's bloodstream, consistent with developed immunity after exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus (12). Lastly, it has been demonstrated the S Protein can invade host cells through the CD147/EMMPRIN receptor and mediate membrane fusion (13, 14).

References

  1. Wu, F. et al. (2020) Nature 579:265.
  2. Tortorici, M.A. and D. Veesler (2019). Adv. Virus Res. 105:93.
  3. Bosch, B.J. et al. (2003) J. Virol. 77:8801.
  4. Belouzard, S. et al. (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 106:5871.
  5. Millet, J.K. and G. R. Whittaker (2015) Virus Res. 202:120.
  6. Yuan, Y. et al. (2017) Nat. Commun. 8:15092.
  7. Walls, A.C. et al. (2010) Cell 180:281.
  8. Jiang, S. et al. (2020) Trends. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2020.03.007.
  9. Ortega, J.T. et al. (2020) EXCLI J. 19:410.
  10. Wrapp, D. et al. (2020) Science 367:1260.
  11. Tai, W. et al. (2020) Cell. Mol. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2020.03.007.
  12. Okba, N. M. A. et al. (2020). Emerg. Infect. Dis. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2607.200841.
  13. Wang, X. et al. (2020) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-0424-9.
  14. Wang, K. et al. (2020) bioRxiv https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.14.988345v1.

Long Name

Spike Receptor Binding Domain

Entrez Gene IDs

3200426 (HCoV-HKU1); 14254594 (MERS-CoV); 1489668 (SARS-CoV); 43740568 (SARS-CoV-2)

Gene Symbol

S

UniProt

YP_009724390

Additional Spike RBD Products

Product Documents for SARS-CoV-1/2 Spike RBD Llamabody Antibody

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Product Specific Notices for SARS-CoV-1/2 Spike RBD Llamabody Antibody

For research use only

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