Siglec-3/CD33: Proteins and Enzymes

Siglecs are I-type (Ig-type) lectins belonging to the Ig superfamily. They are characterized by an N-terminal, Ig-like V-type domain that mediates sialic acid binding, followed by varying numbers of Ig-like C2-type domains (2 to 17), a single transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail. The siglecs can be broadly classified into two subgroups: Siglecs-1, -2, and -4, and a Siglec-3/CD33-related subgroup (Siglecs-3, and -5 through -13 in primates) defined by sequence similarity and clustered gene localization. They are widely expressed on hematopoietic cells, often in a cell-type-specific manner, and Siglec-4/MAG is a myelin component in Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes. Their ligands, sialic acids, are negatively charged monosaccharides found on cell-surface glycoproteins and glycolipids. Although Siglec functions continue to be defined, most have intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM), implicating them in the suppression of immunoreceptor signaling. They may also participate in cell/cell interactions or act as receptors for the entry of viral or bacterial pathogens.